1. 1 With the Parallax USB Oscilloscope Understanding Signals With the Parallax USB Oscilloscope Presented by: Andy Lindsay Parallax, Inc. alindsay@parallax.com

2. 2 Copyrights and Trademarks This documentation is copyright 2006 by Parallax Inc. By downloading or obtaining a printed copy of this documentation or software you agree that it is to be used exclusively with Parallax products. Any other uses are not permitted and may represent a violation of Parallax copyrights, legally punishable according to Federal copyright or intellectual property laws. Any duplication of this documentation for commercial uses is expressly prohibited by Parallax Inc. Duplication for educational use is permitted, subject to the following conditions: the text, or any portion thereof, may not be duplicated for commercial use; it may be duplicated only for educational purposes when used solely in conjunction with Parallax products, and the user may recover from the student only the cost of duplication. BASIC Stamp, Stamps in Class, Board of Education, Boe-Bot SumoBot, SX-Key and Toddler are registered trademarks of Parallax, Inc. HomeWork Board, Propeller, Ping))) Parallax, and the Parallax logo are trademarks of Parallax Inc. If you decide to use trademarks of Parallax Inc. on our web page or in printed material, you must state that "(trademark) is a (registered) trademark of Parallax Inc.” upon the first appearance of the trademark name in each printed document or web page. Other brand and product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.

3. 3 Chapter 1, Page 1 Software Versions and Stamps in Class Version 4.0 Facts ► Version 4.0 Facts ►  For Windows 2K/XP  Compatible with Understanding Signals v1.0  Includes FFT and Zoom functions  Includes Help file ◄ Version 5.0 (Beta) Facts ◄ Version 5.0 (Beta) Facts  For Windows XP/Vista.  150 % Faster Refresh Rate  Variable Persistence Display feature  Does not have FFT, Zoom, or Help

4. 4 Chapter 1, Page 1 Software and Hardware Installation  Say something  Say something else

5. 5 Chapter 1, Page 1 Calibrating your Probes

6. 6 Chapter 1, Page 1 What is an Oscilloscope?  Analog vs. Digital  Digital Storage Scopes  Triggering  Oscilloscope Safety: Remove metallic jewelryRemove metallic jewelry Hands clean/dryHands clean/dry No food or drinksNo food or drinks Anti-stat mat if availableAnti-stat mat if available 20 V maximum20 V maximum If anything gets hot, disconnect it.If anything gets hot, disconnect it. ALWAYS disconnect power to your circuit before leaving workstation.ALWAYS disconnect power to your circuit before leaving workstation.

7. 7 Chapter 1, Pages 7 – 10 The Oscilloscope Display Areas Plot Area Indicator Plot Area Files/Settings, Trigger, Cursors and Measurements Tabs Horizontal, Vertical, FFT and Run/Stop Controls Cursors and Auto Measurements Display Screen

8. 8 Chapter 1, Page 11 Files/Settings Tab Trigger Tab

9. 9 Chapter 1, Pages 12 - 13 Cursors Tab Measurements Tab

10. 10 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 14 - 17 Circuit: Figures 1-14 and 1-15 on page 15. Program: PinHigh.bs2 on page 16. √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 14-17.

11. 11 Chapter 1, Activity #2, Pages 18 - 20 Program: ToggleIO.bs2 √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 18 - 20.

12. 12 Chapter 2, Pages 23 - 24 DO PULSOUT 5, 500 PULSOUT 5, 500 PAUSE 20 PAUSE 20LOOP

13. 13 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Circuit: Figure 2-2, p. 25 and Figure 2-3, p. 26

14. 14 Chapter 2, Activity #1, Pages 25 - 31 Program: ServoCentering.bs2 on page 29 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 28 - 30.

15. 15 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Program: ServoSweep.bs2, p.31 √ Follow the checkmarks on page 31.

16. 16 Chapter 3, Activity #1, Pages 31 - 32 Circuit: Figures 3-3 and 3-4, p. 37 Program: TestPiezoWithFreqout.bs2, p. 38 √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 39 - 40.

17. 17 Chapter 3, Activity #1, Pages 35 - 40 Digitally Synthesized Sine Wave

18. 18 Chapter 3, Activity #2, Pages 41 - 43 Program: Start with TestPiezoWithFreqout.bs2 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 41 - 42.

19. 19 Chapter 3, Activity #3, Pages 43 - 46 Program: DualSineWaves.bs2 on page 44. √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 44 and 46.

20. 20 Chapter 4, Pages 49 - 51 Resistor/Capacitor Networks Time Constant = R x C Where R is in ohms, C is in farads, T is in seconds

21. 21 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Circuit: figures 4-4 & 4-5, pp. 52-53 Program:RCTimeConstant.bs2, p. 54 √ Follow checkmarks on pages 52 -56.

22. 22 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Circuit: Figures 4-9 and 4-10 on page 58 Program: RCTimeConstantWithPhotoresistor.bs2

23. 23 Chapter 4, Activity #2, Pages 57 - 61 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 59 - 60.

24. 24 Chapter 5, Activity #1, Pages 65 - 71 Circuit: Figures 5-1 and 5-2 on page 66 Program: ShiftinA2DExample1.bs2 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 6 and 7.

25. 25 Chapter 5, Activity #1, Pages 65 - 71 √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 67 - 71.

26. 26 Chapter 6, Page 73 Asynchronous Serial Communication

27. 27 Chapter 6, Activity #1, Pages 74 - 78 Circuit: Figures 6-2 & 6-3, p. 74 – 75 Program: AsynchSerial.bs2, p. 76 Follow checkmark instructions on pages 75 – 76 and page 78.

28. 28 Chapter 6, Activity #2, Page 79 Program: Start with AsynchSerial.bs2 √ Follow the checkmarks on page 79.

29. 29 Chapter 7, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Pulse Width Modulation with Infrared √ Assemble your Infrared LED assembly as shown below.

30. 30 Chapter 7, Activity #1, Pages 83 - 91 Circuit: Figures 7-3 & 7-4, pp. 83-84. Program:38kHzInfrared.bs2 on page 85 √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 84 - 85.

31. 31 Chapter 7, Activity #1, Pages 86 - 88 Object Detection with the Debug Terminal Program: 38kHzInfraredWithDetect.bs2, p. 86 √ Follow instructions on pages 86 – 87.

32. 32 Chapter 7, Activity #1, Pages 89 - 90 Using the External Trigger Program: 38kHzInfraredWithVaryingFrequency.bs2, p. 89 √ Follow the checkmarks on pages 89 - 91.

33. 33 Chapter 7, Activity #2, Pages 91 - 96 Program: DecodeSonyIrRemote.bs2, p. 92 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 91 – 92 and page 95.

34. 34 Chapter 8, Pages 6 - 7 Operational Amplifiers ▼ Schematic Symbol Op-Amp Output with slow Slew Rate ▼ Op-Amp as a Buffer ▼ The LM358 outputs 20 mV - 3.5 V Op-Amp Output with a Slow Slew Rate ► Op-Amp Output with a Slow Slew Rate ► Supply Voltage Fact An Op-Amp cannot create output signals any larger than the voltage applied at the Vcc and Vee pins, minus “headroom.”

35. 35 Chapter 8, Pages 103 - 105 An Op-Amp used as a Voltage Amplifier ▼ Inverting Voltage Amplifier Circuit ▼ Non - Inverting Voltage Amplifier Circuit Gain = -Rf/Ri Gain = Rf/Ri + 1

36. 36 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Circuit: Figure 8-8, p. 106 and 8-9, p. 107 √ Use 2 kΩ for Ri and 1 kΩ for Rf

37. 37 Chapter 8, Activity #1, Pages 105 - 109 Program: OpAmpExampleWithFreqout.bs2, page 109 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on pages 108 and 109. Ri = 2 kΩ Rf = 1 kΩ Gain = Rf/Ri +1 Gain = ½ + 1 = 1.5

38. 38 Chapter 8, Activity #1, Page 110 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on page 110. Ri = 1 kΩ Rf = 1 kΩ Gain = Rf/Ri +1 Gain = 1 + 1 = 2 Here, the top of the output signal is clipping because the 9 V battery is nearing the end of its useful life

39. 39 Chapter 8, Activity #1, Page 111 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on page 111. Ri = 1 kΩ Rf = 2 kΩ Gain = Rf/Ri +1 Gain = 2 + 1 = 3 The output signal is now clipping severely as the 9 V battery fails

40. 40 Chapter 1, Activity #1, Pages 6 - 7 Circuit: Figures 8-14 and 8-15 on page 114

41. 41 Chapter 8, Activity #2, Pages 112 - 115 Program: OpAmpExampleWithFreqout.bs2, page 109 √ Follow the checkmark instructions on page 115. Ri = 10 kΩ Rf = 20 kΩ Gain = -Rf/Ri = 2 DC Offset Applied with Potentiometer