1. Cognition HERRMANN, E., CALL, J., HERNANDEZ-LLOREDA, M. V., HARE, B., & TOMASELLO, M. (2007). HUMANS HAVE EVOLVED SPECIALIZED SKILLS OF SOCIAL COGNITION: THE CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE HYPOTHESIS. SCIENCE, 317, 1360-1366. HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1126/SCIENCE. 1146282HTTP://DX.DOI.ORG/10.1126/SCIENCE WEEK 7 –MCKENNY HOUCK, MICKELL LETHCO, MELANIE SEYARTO

2. What is the difference between humans and primates? Humans  Language  Symbolic mathematics  Scientific reasoning  Larger brain  Limited language  Limited symbolic Mathematics  No scientific reasoning  Smaller brain Primates Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

3. Why? What was different in our environment that caused us to need to develop these cognitive abilities? Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

4. Why do humans have more cognitive abilities? General Intelligence Larger brains enable more efficient cognitive operations in humans than in other species. Adapted Intelligence Cognitive abilities adapted to deal with challenges in the ancestral environment Cultural Intelligence Cognition is the result of the development of many different social and cultural groups Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

5. How did primates develop cognitive abilities? Ecological Intelligence Cognition was primarily shaped by environmental challenges such as collecting resources Social Intelligence Cognition was primarily shaped by development of social groups and challenges of competition and cooperation Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

6. Method  Primate Cognition Battery Test (PCBT) – two parts  Physical Cognition: Space, quantities, causality  Social Cognition: Social learning, communication, theory of mind  Participants  Chimpanzees  Orangutans  Human Children (age 2.5 years) Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

7. Results – Physical Cognition  Humans and Chimps score higher in physical cognition than orangutans Graphic adapted from Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

8. Results – Social Cognition  Humans scored higher than chimps and orangutans on social cognition tests Graphic adapted from Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

9. Results – Social Cognition  Human children were more skillful than both ape species on all three social scales Graphic adapted from Herrmann, E., Call, J., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

10. Discussion - Implications General Intelligence Larger brains enable more efficient cognitive operations in humans than in other species. Adapted Intelligence Cognitive abilities adapted to deal with challenges in the ancestral environment Cultural Intelligence Cognition is the result of the development of many different social and cultural groups Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

11. Chimpanzee Problem Solving By Cooperation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jGFKGK7_7J0

12. Discussion – Critical Review Items  There are few differences in cognition due to gender and individual differences  Difficult to determine if the tests were equally appropriate for both apes and human children  Does not respond to the adapted intelligence hypothesis Herrmann, E., Call, j., Hernandez-Lloreda, M. V., Hare, B., & Tomasello, M. (2007). Humans have evolved specialized skills of social cognition: The cultural intelligence hypothesis. Science, 317, 1360-1366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1146282http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science

13. Questions?