2. The Plant Genetic Resource-Public Private Partnership (PGR-P3) Bill Boland PhD Student Peter Phillips Supervisor Cami Ryan Co-Author

3.  Study of the multiple roles of the plant-genetic resource-public-private partnership (PGR-P3)  Paucity of theory—Use theory of R&D-P3  Three theories-- transaction costs, industrial organization and strategic management  Literature review indicated two distinct streams  Developed world—institutional perspective  Developing world—behavioural perspective  Problems with theory and literature review  Overlooks what PGR-P3s do  Overlooks the role of producer/volunteer PGR-P3s  Limited research on PGR-P3 and networks Research Objective VALGEN Annual Meeting 2 January 18, 2010

4. Approach VALGEN Annual Meeting 3 January 18, 2010  “describe and measure properties of actor location in a social network” (Wasserman and Faust 1994)  Methodology: Social Network Analysis  “Describe and measure properties of actor location in a social network” (Wasserman and Faust 1994)  “Make visible the invisible” (Mead 2001)  SNA permits use of graphical stress test—remove key actors(s) and measure results  Three measures of centrality and density  Total degree centrality measures the connectedness of an individual actor to the rest of the network  Betweenness centrality measures the influence of an individual actor  Eigenvector centrality measures power of the individual actor  Density measures network interconnectedness

5.  Pulse crops—peas, beans, lentils, chickpeas and fababeans—contribute 10% of global protein  Pulses are mostly an ‘orphan crop’ as the ROI insufficient for private investment; international trade agreements preclude direct public involvement  System of 248 actors:  45 PGR-P3s,107 Government research centers, 83 Universities and 13 Private actors  3 Subsystems: 66 in Export System (Canada, US and Australia); 134 in EU; 69 in Developing World Output: Analysis of Global Pulse System 4 VALGEN Annual MeetingJanuary 18, 2010

6. Outputs (continued) 5 VALGEN Annual MeetingJanuary 18, 2010  The role of the PGR-P3 in a R&D network  The PGR-P3 anchors national pulse R&D systems (Australia, Canada and UK)  The PGR-P3 links the national R&D systems into functional regional innovation systems  The PGR-P3 links the three regional systems into 248 actor global system  The next two slides demonstrate the role of the PGR-P3 in linking the global system together

7. The PGR-P3 and the Global Pulse System 6 GLIP SPG/CDC ICRISAT ICARDA VALGEN Annual MeetingJanuary 18, 2010

8. The PGR-P3 and the Global Pulse System 7 VALGEN Annual MeetingJanuary 18, 2010 The Canadian pulse R&D network isolated from global system The Australian pulse system. Note that it is embedded within the global system

9.  Produce 3 articles on this research  1 st article  Based upon above analysis  2 nd article  Compare and contrast the three unique P3s and their highly differentiated networks  3 rd article  Compare and contrast the national systems of Australia and Canada—different policies, different outcomes Next Steps 8 VALGEN Annual MeetingJanuary 18, 2010