1. The Success Stories and its Limits: The Concrete Case Studies (3 lectures) - Russia/Soviet Union - Latin America in the Era of Catching Up Industrialisation - East Asian Miracle: The Rise of the New Industrial Pole

2. The empire model of modernisation Goals – maintenance of military-political power, ability to defensive and offensive war Means – modernisation of army & the state governance, selective borrowings of the advanced technolo- gies and scientific accomplishments important for militarisation

3. The Rise of Dualism in Russia Army & military industry resources Exploitation of country-side Conservation of backwardness as the main obstacle to further modernisation

4. Alexander Pushkin on the internal central-peripheral structure of Russia “Whatever for caprice of spending ingenious London has been sending across the Baltic in exchange for wood and tallow; all the range of useful objects that the curious Parisian taste invents for one – for friends of languor, or of fun, or for the modishly luxurious – all this, at eighteen years of age adorned the sanctum of our sage.” (Eugene Onegin)

5. GDP per capita in some countries of Latin America and Europe (including Russia), 1870-1938 Countries Absolute amount of GDP per capita, measured by PPP (in dollars of 1990) The ratio of countries’ GDP per capita to the world average 1870190019131929193818701900191319291938 France 1 8582 8493 4524 6664 4242.022.182.172.472.30 Germany 1 9133 1343 8334 3355 1262.082.402.412.302.67 United Kingdom 3 2634 5935 0325 2555 9833.553.523.162.793.11 Russia/USSR 1 0231 2181 4881 3862 1501.110.93 0.741.12 Argentina 1 3112 7563 7974 3674 0721.432.112.392.322.12 Brazil 7407048391 1061 2910.800.540.530.590.67 Chile -1 9492 6533 3963 139-1.491.671.801.63 Mexico 7101 1571 4671 4891 3800.770.890.920.790.72 Venezuela -8211 1043 4264 144-0.630.691.822.15 World in average *) 9201 3051 5921 8841 9231.00

6. For comparison of Uruguay with Denmark Dieter Sengaas. The European Experience: A Historical Critique of Development Theory. Leamington Spa, Dover (N.H.): Berg Publishers, 1985 (1-st published in Frankfurt-am- Main, 1982, in German)

7. The ratio of some Latin American and European countries’ (including Russia/USSR) GDP per capita to the world average, 1929-1970 Countries19291938195019601970 France2. 472. 302. 332. 552. 92 Germany/FRG2. 302. 671. 912. 893. 03 United Kingdom2. 793. 113. 142. 922. 70 Russia/USSR0. 741. 121. 271. 341. 40 Argentina2. 322. 122. 231. 901. 84 Brazil0. 590. 670. 750. 800. 77 Chile1. 801. 631. 711. 471. 32 Mexico0. 790. 720. 930. 95 Venezuela1. 822. 153. 32 2. 73 World in average *) 1. 00

8. Limits of Import Substitution Industrialisation to itself (Latin America) 1) A shortage of material, financial, and human resources; 2) Conservation of the internal central- peripheral structure; 3) Necessity to enlarge importation of capital goods and to maintain the traditional export; 4) Impossibility to redistribute national income in extending degree

10. Brazil – dynamics of GDP (1965-1980) and the public external debt (1965-1975)

11. Brazil – skyrocketing growth of the external debt, 1978 – 1980 – 1985, billions US$

12. Two generations of ‘tigers’ The first-tier ‘tigers’ - Hong Kong - Singapore - Taiwan - South Korea The second-tier ‘tigers’ - Malaysia - Thailand - Indonesia (‘semi- tiger’) - The Philippines (‘under-tiger’)

13. GDP p/c (US$ of 1990 on PPP) – 1960-1970- 1980-1990

14. 1960197019801990 Brazil 2335305751984923 Mexico 3155432062896119 Hong Kong 313456951050317541 Singapore 23104439905814365 Taiwan 1492298058699886 South Korea 1105195441148704 Ghana 1378142411571063 Congo, DR (Zaire) 755782617525

15. Flying Geese Model K. Akamatsu. A Historical Pattern of Economic Growth in Developing Countries. – The Developing Economies, vol. 1, N 1, March – August 1962. P. Korhonen. The Theory of the Flying Geese Pattern of Development and Its Interpretations. –Journal of Peace Research, vol. 31, N 1, 1994. M. Tateishi. Southeast Asian Flying Geese? – In: Southeast Asia’s Misunderstood Miracle: Industrial Policy and Economic Development in Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia. Ed. by K. S. Jomo. Boulder (Col.), Oxford: Westview Press, 1997. UNCTAD. Trade and Development Report 1996. N.Y., Geneva: UN, 1996, pp. 75-81.

16. The gross internal investments in fixed capital, as percentage of GDP, in East/Southeast Asian Newly Industrialising Countries, 1970-1995 Countries Y e a r s 197019751980198519901995 Hong Kong 18.619.333.221.526.130.6 Korea 24.525.632.128.637.336.7 Singapore 32.535.140.742.232.533.7 Taiwan, prov. n. a. 18.822.422.9 Indonesia 13.6 a)20.3 a)20.9 b)23.128.328.4 Malaysia 16.125.131.136.332.443.0 Thailand 24.122.325.227.240.441.1

17. The gross internal investments in fixed capital, as percentage of GDP, in East/Southeast Asian Newly Industrialising Countries, 1970-1975-1980-1985-1990-1995

18. The Developmental State The Developmental State. Ed. by Meredith Woo-Cumings. Ithaca – London: Cornell University Press, 1999 Ha-Joon Chang. The East Asian Development Experience: The Miracle, the Crisis and the Future. London – New York: Zed Books, 2006

19. The colonial heritage and development