1. Poetry

2. Types of Meter Iambic (iamb) u / Trochaic (trochee) / u
Anapestic (anapest) u u /
Dactylic (dactyl) / u u
Spondaic (spondee) / /
Write at least two examples of words that use each meter type.

3. Tools for Writing Poetry
Assonance: repeated vowel sounds
Consonance: repeated consonant sounds
Alliteration: repeated first sound in words
Onomatopoeia: sound fx words
Caesura: pauses
Enjambement: continuing one line into the next without a grammatical break

4. Figurative Language Metaphor Similie Personification Irony Hyperbole
Allusion
Apostrophe
Synechdoche
Paradox
Oxymoron
Symbolism
For more information on the terms not described further in this Ppt, try

5. Paradox vs. Oxymoron
A paradox is a statement that both makes sense and defies logic. It is a sentence.
An oxymoron is a group of words (not a sentence) that contradicts itself.
"What a pity that youth must be wasted on the young." - George Bernard Shaw jumbo shrimp
Be cruel to be kind. If you didn't get this message, call me. ice water

6. Symbols vs Character Traits
Write two examples of SYMBOLS
Write two examples of CHARACTER TRAITS
From the Canterbury Tales…
The ulcer on the Cook’s knee is a SYMBOL.
The fact that he cooks very well is a CHARACTER TRAIT.

7. Poetic Forms
Examples from Brit Lit

8. Ballads Get Up and Bar the Door
See the additional attachment on Mrs. Deker’s webpage – it is a Word doc.

9. Guiding Questions
1) Why does the goodwife refuse to bar the door when her husband first asks? 2) What agreement do the husband and wife reach about barring the door?  3) To whom does the word one refer in line 29? 4) What do the two strangers plan to do to the goodman and what do they plan to do to his wife? 5) Who eventually wins the contest? Why? 6) Why does the goodman want the door barred? 7) When do the goodman and his wife first become aware of the presence of the strangers? 8) In lines 25-29, the goodwife is thinking about what?  9) What do you think the stranger means when he suggests taking "aff the auld man's beard"? 10) What serious point does this humorous ballad make?

10. The Passionate Shepherd to His Love
Christopher Marlowe
LYRIC

11. How serious or realistic do you think the shepherd’s offer is?
Come live with me and be my love, And we will all the pleasures prove That valleys groves, hills, and fields, Woods, or steepy mountain yields. And we will sit upon the rocks, Seeing the shepherds feed their flocks, By shallow rivers to whose falls Melodious birds sing madrigals. And I will make thee beds of roses And a thousand fragrant posies, A cap of flowers, and a kirtle Embroidered all with leaves of myrtle; A gown made of the finest wool Which from our pretty lambs we pull; Fair lined slippers for the cold, With buckles of the purest gold; A belt of straw and ivy buds, With coral clasps and amber studs: And if these pleasures may thee move, Come live with me and be my love. The shepherds’ swains shall dance and sing For thy delight each May morning: If these delights thy mind may move, Then live with me and be my love.
What is your opinion of the gifts that the shepherd offers to his beloved?
How serious or realistic do you think the shepherd’s offer is?
Why do you think Marlowe chose the setting described in the poem?

12. The Nymph’s Reply to the Shepherd
Sir Walter Raleigh
LYRIC

13. How would you describe the nymph’s attitude toward life?
If all the world and love were young, And truth in every shepherd’s tongue, These pretty pleasures might me move To live with thee and be thy love. Time drives the flocks from field to fold When rivers rage and rocks grow cold, And Philomel becometh dumb; The rest complains of cares to come. The flowers do fade, and wanton fields To wayward winter reckoning yields; A honey tongue, a heart of gall, Is fancy’s spring, but sorrow’s fall. Thy gowns, they shoes, thy beds of roses, Thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy posies Soon break, soon wither, soon forgotten – In folly ripe, in reason rotten. Thy belt of straw and ivy buds, Thy coral clasps and amber studs, All these in my no means can move To come to thee and be thy love. But could youth last and love still breed, Had joys no date nor age no need, Then these delights my mind might move
How would you describe the nymph’s attitude toward life?
On the basis of the first and last stanzas, what do you think might convince the nymph to accept the shepherd’s offer?

14. Your responses to “The Passionate Shepherd…” and “The Nymph’s Reply…”
Lyric Poems
Your responses to “The Passionate Shepherd…” and “The Nymph’s Reply…”

15. Your responses!
Although it is hard for me to understand this writing I still manage to have a few questions rising It seems as though you deny his affection “Why?” is my one and only main question He tries his hardest with what he can He has the biggest heart of any man Although life may not last for eternity This love may go on for life’s entirety
Though your outlook seems quite jaded, Maybe it is a bit outdated, You think your love will never last, But maybe you have thought too fast If you love someone not because of gifts, Your love will be stronger and will not shift If you find someone to love for who they are Maybe not the shepherd but someone afar
I think your gifts are rather bland I’d much prefer designer brand Heaps of money, treasure, fortune So your poem I am torchin’
Your words I like for they are sweet But you I never wish to meet Your fields, yourself, it all does smell I’d rather stay at Taco Bell
(And that’s disgusting)
O nymph you are so pretty and fair
But your love is not, yet little I care
For I thought that I wrote a poem so grand
And you essentially called it stupid and bland
My poem, it’s words were so wond’rous and moving
And you looked upon it so disapproving!
I thought I good poet I could be,
But not I can’t, you’ve let me see.

16. Your responses!
Your gifts sound awesome, even bold But like the nymph says, won’t they grow old? Although your thoughts are kind and sweet, I prefer gold on chains, not on my feet The roses and the posies may smell nice But let me give you some advice I don’t like you, go away Stay by your sheep and eat some hay
Were my gifts not good enough Did they have too much fluff All I wanted was a hug I didn’t even receive a bug We could have had so much fun Sitting out in the sun We could have a hurdy-gurdy battle Instead I have to stay and watch cattle
Yes life does not last forever, However love is something you must endeavor
Life is short and you must enjoy it,
So be with someone with best whom you fit.
Go and find your star-crossed lover
And everything else you must cover
For nothing is as precious as love
It flies freely and is beautiful as a white dove.

17. Spenser and Shakespeare
Sonnets
Spenser and Shakespeare

18. Spenser: Guiding Questions
Sonnet 30:
Summarize the two questions in quatrains 1 and 2. What answer does the couplet give?
Why does Spenser use the images of fire and ice?
Sonnet 75:
What message does this sonnet give to us? How is it different from the previous poem?
What images does Spenser use here?

19. Edmund Spenser – Sonnet 30
My love is like to ice, and I to fire; How comes it then that this her cold so great Is not dissolved through my so hot desire, But harder grows the more I her entreat? Or how comes it that my exceeding heat Is not delayed by her heart-frozen cold: But that I burn much more in boiling sweat, And feel my flames augmented manifold? What more miraculous thing may be told That fire which all things melts, should harden ice: And ice which is congealed with senseless cold, Should kindle fire by wonderful device. Such is the pow’r of love in gentle mind, That it can alter all the course of kind.

20. Edmund Spenser – Sonnet 75
One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washéd it away: Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. “Vain man,” said she, “that dost in vain assay, A mortal thing so to immortalize. For I myself shall like to this decay, And eke my name be wipéd out likewise.” “Not so,” quod I, “let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your virtues rare shall eternize And in the heavens write your glorious name, Where whenas death shall all the world subdue, Our love shall live, and later life renew.”

21. Shakespeare: Guiding Questions
Sonnet 29:
Summarize, line by line, the thought process the poem’s speaker goes through.
Where does the speaker’s ideas change? How does this fit with the form/structure of the poem?
Sonnet 116:
Do you think this speaker’s concept of love is realistic? Would he/she agree more with Marlowe (“Passionate Shepherd”) or Raleigh (“Nymph’s Reply”)?
Sonnet 130:
What does the speaker seem to say about typical love comparisons?
What do you think was Shakespeare’s purpose in writing this sonnet?

22. Shakespeare – Sonnet 29
When in disgrace with Fortune and men’s eyes I all alone beweep my outcast state, And trouble deaf heaven with my bootless cries, And look upon myself and curse my fate, Wishing me like to one more rich in hope, Featur’d like him, like him with friends possess’d, Desiring this man’s art, and that man’s scope, With what I most enjoy contented least; Yet in these thoughts myself almost despising, Haply I think on thee, and then my state, Like to the lark at break of day arising From sullen earth, sings hymns at heaven’s gate, For thy sweet love remb’red such wealth brings, That then I scorn to change my state with kings.

23. Shakespeare – Sonnet 116
Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments; love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove. O no, it is an ever fixéd mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wand’ring bark, Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken. Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.

24. Shakespeare – Sonnet 130
My mistress’ eyes are nothing like the sun; Coral is far more red than her lips’ red; If snow be white, why then her breasts are dun; If hairs be wires, black wires grow on her head. I have seen roses damask’d, red and white, But no such roses see I in her cheeks, And in some perfumes is there more delight Than in the breath that from my mistress reeks. I love to hear her speak, yet well I know That music hath a far more pleasing sound; I grant I never aw a goddess go, My mistress when she walks treads on the ground And yet, by heaven, I think my love as rare As any she belied with false compare.

25. Compare the Two: Rhyme Scheme
Spenser
Shakespeare
One day I wrote her name upon the strand, But came the waves and washed it away: Again I wrote it with a second hand, But came the tide, and made my pains his prey. “Vain man,” said she, “that dost in vain assay, A mortal thing so to immortalize. For I myself shall like to this decay, And eke my name be wiped out likewise.” “Not so,” quod I, “let baser things devise To die in dust, but you shall live by fame: My verse your virtues rare shall eternize, And in the heavens write your glorious name, Where whenas death shall all the world subdue, Our love shall live, and later life renew.
Let me not to the marriage of true minds Admit impediments; love is not love Which alters when it alteration finds, Or bends with the remover to remove. O no, it is an ever-fixed mark That looks on tempests and is never shaken; It is the star to every wand’ring bark, Whose worth’s unknown, although his height be taken. Love’s not Time’s fool, though rosy lips and cheeks Within his bending sickle’s compass come, Love alters not with his brief hours and weeks, But bears it out even to the edge of doom. If this be error and upon me proved, I never writ, nor no man ever loved.
Now write one of your own!

26. Sonnet Writing * ABAB CDCD EFEF GG * Iambic pentameter
* 14 lines – 3 quatrains, 1 couplet
* “Turn” of ideas

27. Important differences to note
Free VS Blank
Important differences to note

28. Free Verse Does not require any set rhyme scheme
Does not have a rigid meter
Example: “Solar,” by Philip Larkin, 1964

29. Suspended lion face Spilling at the centre Of an unfurnished sky How still you stand, And how unaided Single stalkless flower You pour unrecompensed. The eye sees you Simplified by distance Into an origin, Your petalled head of flames Continuously exploding. Heat is the echo of your Gold. Coined there among Lonely horizontals You exist openly. Our needs hourly Climb and return like angels. Unclosing like a hand, You give for ever.

30. Blank Verse No rhyme scheme Always in iambic pentameter
u / u / u / u / u /
Frequently used in translations of epic/narrative poetry
Example: from Paradise Lost, by John Milton

31. Of man’s first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste Brought death into the world, and all our woe, With loss of Eden, till one greater Man Restore us, and regain the blissful seat, Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed In the beginning how the Heavens and the Earth Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill Delight thee more, and Siloa’s brook that flowed Fast by the oracle of God, I thence Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song, That with no middle flight intends to soar Above th’Aonian mount, while it pursues Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.

32. Haiku
Japanese verse with a specific number of syllables in each line (5-7-5), often discussing nature.

33. Haiku Rhythm and Rhyme aren’t important
Syllable structure guides the form
Usually about nature
ARCHING INTO THE SKY THE WAVE LEAVES MORE BLUE
This is a haiku They are fun to write sometimes But not so easy

35. Limerick
Traditional Irish verse with a specific meter and rhyme scheme, often with a humorous message.

36. Limerick
There was an Old Man of Nantucket Who kept all his cash in a bucket. His daughter, called Nan, Ran away with a man, And as for the bucket, Nantucket.
The limerick packs laughs anatomical In space that is quite economical. But the good ones I've seen So seldom are clean And the clean ones so seldom are comical.