1. Renaissance 1111300-1600 CCCCauses? PPPPlague/Constant War and lack of enjoyment of life. DDDDecline of Church’s political influence MMMMove to urban areas

2. Characteristics  Rebirth of classical societies in Italy  Urban and secular  Humanism, the potential of human beings

3. Italy and Urban Growth  Italy unaffected by Hundred Years War  Large independent/merchant city-states in N. Italy bc of Crusades  Urban, ideas spread  Interest in Roman and Greek history/accomplishments

5. Italian City States  Milan, Venice and Florence were the most influential because of what?  Why was their location critical to their success?

6. Review  The Renaissance was characterized by:  Urban/Secular  Recovery from 1300’s  Humanism

7. Florence  Cultural center of Renaissance  The Medici ruled and were patrons of the arts.  Political power was a newfound pastime in Italy

9. Italian Wars 1494-1530’s  Wealth eventually led to war between Italians, Spanish, and French for control of trade.  Led to spread of Renaissance ideas northwards.

10. Machiavelli  Wrote “The Prince” which discussed new political dealings.  For the sake of society the Prince must make hard, amoral decisions. Lack of Church influence.  Huge influence on following leaders and set tone for new nobility  Increased power, military obligations, become LEARNED

11. Classical Values  How is this different than the MA’s?  Humanism-human achievements/potential  Education in which areas?  History, philosophy, grammar, math, etc.  Liberal Studies allowed people to reach full intellectual/human potential. “Virtue and Wisdom”  Use of vernacular- Canterbury Tales by Chaucer was 1 st example.

12. Art in the Renaissance  Looked to capture human potential (realism)  Two areas of concentration: Perspective/light, and anatomy. Why such attention to detail?  New Religious (Contemporary)  Ex: fresco by Masaccio

13. Middle Ages Examples

14. Perspective  Rediscovered the technique (3D)  Parallel lines stretch to a point on the horizon where they meet.

18. Art  Religious tactics/topics incorporated with realism  Portraits, human body  David by Donatello

19. High Renaissance (1490- 1520) Masters  During this time, unbelievable accomplishments were reached by Leonardo, Raphael, and Michelangelo. These three greats were all in the same cities at the same time competing against each other.

20. Michelangelo PPPPainter, sculptor, architect, poet etc. DDDDesigned dome St. Peter’s SSSSistine Chapel DDDDavid/detail on sculpture

21. Sistine Chapel  http://www.habeeb.com/sistine.chapel.vat ican.html http://www.habeeb.com/sistine.chapel.vat ican.html http://www.habeeb.com/sistine.chapel.vat ican.html

22. Leonardo Da Vinci  Renaissance man  Mona Lisa and Last Supper

24. Raphael  Influenced by Leonardo/Michelangelo  Worked in Rome for Pope  School of Athens  Realism is his trademark

26. Machiavelli  Wrote “The Prince” which discussed new political dealings.  For the sake of society the Prince must make hard, amoral, SECULAR decisions.  Huge influence on following leaders and set tone for new nobility  Increased power, military obligations, become LEARNED

27. 13.2 Northern Renaissance

28. Northern Renaissance Northern Renaissance  Diffusion w/trade, war, and travel  Religious  What helped spread new ideas?

29. Printing Press  SPREAD NEW IDEAS TO MORE PEOPLE  Johann Gutenberg 1440 invents movable type.  Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1 st ) Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1 st ) Gutenberg Bible 1455 (1 st )  Everyday people/vernacular  Religious implications?

30. Flanders  Artistic center of Northern Europe  Oil Based Paints  Pieter Bruegel at height of Flemish painting  different than Italian

31. Spread of Art Spread of Art  High Ren. In north coincides with the South mainly due to:  Albrecht Durer  Highly influential in Germany Germany

32. Christian Humanists Christian Humanists  Desiderius Erasmus from Holland - “The Praise of Folly” -Christianity of heart and critical of church corruption. -Bible study to improve society - scorned those who…“Don’t want the holy scriptures to be read in translation by the unlearned…as if the chief strength of the Christian religion lay in people’s ignorance of it.”

33. Humanist Action Humanist Action  Thomas More from England  Utopia (“No place”) social commentary  IMPROVE SOCIETY  Stressed education and classical learning to bring about moral and religious reform.

34. Shakespeare  1564 Stratford-upon-Avon  Human flaws in most plays  Classics  “What a piece of work is a man, how noble in reason, how infinite in faculties, in form and moving, how express and admirable in action, how like an angel in apprehension, how like a god!” Hamlet