1. FOUNDATIONS REVIEW Agricultural Revolution to 600 CE

2. Agricultural Revolution  Small groups of hunter-gatherers  Relative equality between the sexes  Agriculture had several different centers of origin  From agriculture, specialization & cities arose

4. River Valley Civilizations  Irrigation  Sumer (5000 BCE), Tigris & Euphrates –Traded widely to acquire resources not found in Mesopotamia –First writing? Gilgamesh  Egypt (5000 BCE), Nile –Three major periods- Old, Middle & New Kingdoms –Extremely religious  Indus Valley, Indus River- very unpredictable –Traded with China

5. Bronze Age Civilizations  Shang China (1800-1100 BCE) –Military rule over a small area –Bronze metallurgy from SW Asia  Zhou China (1100-400 BCE) –Mandate of Heaven –Decentralized –Period of Warring States (Confucius/Mencius, Lao Tzu) –IRON  Bantu –African farmers- IRON  Hittites

7. Late Bronze Age  Olmecs 1200-400 BCE –Meso-Americans, advanced Maya predecessors  Celts 500 BCE –Warlike Europeans  Neo-Assyrians 900-600 BCE –Ruthless conquerors/preservers of knowledge?  Israelites, set up kingdom ~1000 BCE –Diaspora  Phoenicians –Traders, sailors- 1200-800 BCE

8. Classical Civilizations  Persians (550-320 BCE) –Roads –Satrapies –Indo-Europeans –Zoroastrianism  Greeks (800-350 BCE) –Geography creates separate city-states –Athenian Empire –Social inequalities –Philosophy & culture –Alexander the Great- Hellenistic Period- Syncretism

9. Classical Civilizations, cont.  Rome 753 BCE to 476 CE –Republic, then Empire –Latifundia/slavery –Pax Romana –Christianity –Splits into East and West  Han China 207 BCE to 220 CE –Centralization begun under Qin Shihuangdi –Legalism and Confucianism –Imperial University –Very patriarchal

10. India  Aryan migrations 1500-1000 BCE Indo Europeans  Vedic Age- Early Hinduism  Caste System  Mauryan Empire 320-185 BCE –Well organized administration –Trade –Ashoka converts to Buddhism  Gupta Empire 300-500 CE –Smaller than Mauryan

11. SE Asia and Silk Road  Bactrians/Kushans –Wield significant control over India in between Mauryans and Gupta –Control trade between China & Middle East  SE Asia –Hinduism, kingship spreads from India –Buddhism also spreads –Ex. Funan, Srivijaya