1. Civilization Chapter 1.3 *If taking notes in notebook, skip 1 page

2. The Standard of Ur - front

3. Standard of Ur - back

4. Review ●Tools, farming, and animal domestication instead of hunting and gathering = more efficient ●Why bother hunting and gathering?! Let’s form a village!

5. How did villages grow into cities? ●People settled in areas which they could farm and raise animals easily ●They used tools to increase food production ○ e.g., hoes, sickles, plow sticks

6. Hoe for moving earth

7. Sickle for chopping grain

8. Plow sticks for loosening earth

9. What changes occurred when people began living in villages? ●Social -- social classes formed ●Political -- laws and governments formed ●Interaction w/ environment (Iw/E) -- built irrigation systems to produce more food ●Culture -- believed in gods & goddesses, art & pottery created ●Economic -- new jobs emerged, food surpluses, trade with other villages using wheels & sails (travel)

10. Where was the first civilization? ●Sumer in Mesopotamia

11. What is a civilization? 1.Advanced cities 2.Specialized workers 3.Complex institutions 4.Record keeping 5.Advanced technology

12. What is an advanced city? ●An important trading place

13. What are specialized workers? ●If farmers are making LOTS of food, not everyone needs to be a farmer ●People can take other jobs ○ e.g., artists, traders, government officials

14. What are complex institutions? ●Ways of organizing a community ○ e.g., Church, government, economy

15. What might happen if a large community had no way of organizing its people? Quick write - 2 min

16. What is record keeping? ●Record community information to stay organized ○ e.g., tax collection records, laws, storage of grain, calendar of religious rituals, who owes who money ●Writing was invented ●Sumerians wrote in cuneiform

17. Cuneiform

18. What is improved technology? ●Irrigation ●Pottery ●Melted metal to make tools