1. Analysis of past derailments 06 May 2011 1 Some causes in detail – Finnish derailments on freight only lines In Eastern Finland there are a number of freight only lines, mainly for timber transport with relatively week infrastructure, i.e. low weight rails on old wooden sleepers. Some of the timber wagons may be overloaded and the lines are prone to develop heat curves during summer. The lines are also trafficked by Russian bogie wagons with ungreased bogie pivots exerting high loads on the weak track structure.

2. Analysis of past derailments 06 May 2011 2 Derailment at Råde 06.07.2006 due to heat buckle (sun curve) The line had continuously welded rails and the heat buckle developed while the train was passing. The train consisted of locomotive and 12 empty autocar transport wagon type Laaeilprs The train speed at derailment was 85 km/h The cause of the heat buckle was high compression forces in the track and possibly track work that had been done prior to the accident.

3. Analysis of past derailments 06 May 2011 3 Derailment in Germany 23.01.2007 on line Elmshorn - Tornesch Cause of derailment was a steel coil weighing 11,65 tonnes transported from Tornio, Finland to Gallarate (It) that fell through the container floor and onto the track due to overloading of container floor. The steel coil derailed 12 of the trains 21 intermodal wagons The train speed at derailment was 93 km/h The steel coil was not set in a proper crib distributing the load sufficiently and the container floor had faulty welds The container had been transferred twice on the route The transport of steel coils in containers was stopped after the accident

4. Analysis of past derailments 06 May 2011 4 Derailment in Austria 16.06.2010 Train on route Curtici (Ro) with 208 autocars bound for Mulhouse France derailed between Hintergasse und Braz. Train pressure main line was accidentally closed (and brakes could not be applied on affected wagons) due to a broken pressure line support arrangement Slightly injured driver, 10 million damage