1. Evolution of the Tropical Forests since 1990 and analysis of the deforestation drivers
Philippe Mayaux, Frédéric Achard, René Beuchle, Hans-Jürgen Stibig, Hugh D. Eva, Andreas Brink, Catherine Bodart, Silvia Carboni, Baudouin Desclée,
François Donnay, Andrea Lupi, Jukka Miettinen, Rastislav Raši, Roman Seliger, Dario Simonetti Institute for Environment and Sustainability Joint Research Centre - European Commission + FAO collaborators
+ 150 regional experts

2. JRC heritage in tropical forest monitoring
TREES-1 ( )
First reliable maps of the tropical forests
TREES-2 ( )
Global estimates of deforestation
TREES-3 ( )
Regional estimates of deforestation + C emissions
FOROBS ( )
Assessment of forest degradation
OFAC ( )
Regional Observatory for Central African Forests
ReCaREDD ( )
Capacity-building on forest degradation

3. Final report released in Dec. 2012 Global forest land-use change
Joint FAO/JRC report
Final report released in Dec. 2012
FAO & JRC. 2012
Global forest land-use change
1990–2005
FAO Forestry Paper No. 169.
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and European Commission Joint Research Centre. Rome, FAO.

4. FAO/JRC Forest Resource Assessment
1990
2000
2005
2010
Regions that JRC will analyse

5. for which 30 m resolution satellite data are collected
Systematic sampling of
Landsat images at 3 epochs
The methodology is based on the analysis of a systematic sample of sites
for which 30 m resolution satellite data are collected
Sub-Saharan Africa
2,045
Central & South America and the Caribbean
1,230
South and Southeast Asia
741

6. Methodology: Example Change Map 1990-2000 1990 2000 Change From Forest
To Forest
No change

7. Regional TREES-3 Validation Workshops for Africa
Workshop West Africa
Dakar (08-13 March 2010)
15 Experts from 14 countries
3 JRC support staff
Workshop East Africa
Nairobi (28 Sept- 2 Oct 2009)
12 Experts from 10 countries
4 support staff including 3 JRC
Workshop Central Africa
Kinshasa (28 Sept- 9 Oct 2009)
15 Experts from 7 countries
6 support staff from FAO, UCL & JRC
Workshop Southern Africa
Cape Town (3-7 May 2010)
15 Experts from 8 countries
3 support staff including 2 JRC 7

8. Forest area (106 ha)

9. Deforestation estimates (H+D Forests)

12. Drivers of Change in Southeast Asia

13. Deforestation drivers in Amazon Basin
Direct drivers
Agro-business: wide range of commodities such as beef, soy, maize, oil palm, sugar, rice, cacao, coffee, pulp & paper, tobacco.
Subsistence agriculture (+ fuel wood)
Forest exploitation (timber extraction, artisanal logging…)
Extractive industries (mining, oil)
Infrastructure and urbanisation
Underlying causes
Population growth and local economic development
Weak governance structures and law
Global demand for commodities
Cash crop plantations and pasture
Soya, sugar cane, cattle, other cash crops
Urbanisation and infra-structure (roads) improvements
The road network has grown from nothing in 1970 to thousands of km’s $40 billion investment from 2000 to 2007 in highways and infrastructure
Concession logging and illegal logging
1 hectare of forest costs 10 times less than a hectare of pasture
Direct and Indirect effect of biofuel
Sugar cane and oil Palm (Pará)

14. Deforestation drivers in Congo Basin
Importance
Subsistence agriculture
Rural and food for cities
Fuel wood & charcoal
Rural and peri-urban
Mining, oil
Limited extent, but strong impact
Logging in concessions
Very low impact
Illegal logging
????
Agro-industry
Low impact, but increasing
Infrastructure
Limited extent but increasing
Urbanisation
Climate Change
Drier climate in coastal part
Cash crop plantations and pasture
Soya, sugar cane, cattle, other cash crops
Urbanisation and infra-structure (roads) improvements
The road network has grown from nothing in 1970 to thousands of km’s $40 billion investment from 2000 to 2007 in highways and infrastructure
Concession logging and illegal logging
1 hectare of forest costs 10 times less than a hectare of pasture
Direct and Indirect effect of biofuel
Sugar cane and oil Palm (Pará)
Underlying causes
Population growth
Local economic development
Weak governance (institutions and law)

15. Need for a long-term land-use planning
Category
Role
Research needs
Incentives/ policies
Forests
Timber Production
Ecology (regeneration)
FLEGT, Lacey Act…
REDD+
Forests / plantations
Fuel wood production
Agronomy
Carbon credits / CDM
Protection and Conservation
CC mitig. / adapt.
Hydrology
Biodiv. royalties
NTFP, bushmeat
Sustainability of proteins provision
Small-scale
Agriculture
Food for rural population
Socio-economy
Price policy
Agro-industries
High revenue
Market prices, Round tables
Mines, oil
Revenue
Impact assessment
Market prices, EITI

16. New data and methods for degradation (RECAREDD)
Landsat, 30 m resolution
Kompsat, 4 m resolution

17. Conclusions
Deforestation is still a hot issue, but political will can reduce the intensity of the phenomenon
Illegal logging is not a main deforestation driver, bad governance is
Focus on other benefits than VPAs of the FLEGT Action Plan on other policies
FLEGT must be combined with the others EU policies for a long-term maintenance of the ecosystem services provided by tropical forests: biodiversity, energy, REDD+, sustainable agriculture, EITI…
FLEGT is an important process, but the goal is the sustainable provision of services by forests
Need for an innovative land-use planning policy in terms of local, national and global benefit (which ecosystem services for which beneficiaries?)
TECHNICAL capacities on forest management are desperately missing

18. Merci
Thank you