1. WASHINGTON IRVING

2. The brief introduction to Washington Irving Washington Irving (April 3, 1783 – November 28, 1859) American author, short story writer, essayist, poet, biographer and historian Father of the American short stories

3. American romanticism 1815-1865 (stretches from the end of 18th century through the outbreak of the Civil War) The American Renaissance Historically the time of westward expansion Economically an industrial transformation Politically democracy and equality Culturally and literally own literary expression

4. feature the free expression of emotions,attention to the psychic state of their characters admire the individual and man revealed unique characteristics of their own and grew on the native lands

5. life childhood & begins writing careeer life in Europe back to America minister to Spain & final days to death 4 1 2 3

6. childhood born in a merchant family named after President George Washington fascinated by the upper class of New York City studied law, became a clerk in Josiah Ogden Hoffman's law office developed a passion for books Robinson Crusoe, Sinbad the Sailor

7. 1804-1806: ill-health travelled widely in Europe visited many famous person

8. Salmagundi (1807-08), writing in collaboration with his brother William and James Kirke Paulding; a series of humorous and satirical essays. A History of New York (1809),his first major book; a satire on self-important local history and contemporary politics.

9. a personal tragedy In late 1809, the death of his seventeen-year-old fiancée ( 未婚 妻 ) Matilda Hoffman no marriage after that

10. life in Europe In 1815 he left America for England to visit his brother but remained for the next seventeen years(1815-1832), again travelling to various countries in Europe. While in England, an unsuccessful business venture with his brothers caused him to turn to his pen in hopes of providing some income.

11. The Sketch Book The stories (including "Rip Van Winkle" and "The Legend of Sleepy Hollow"), collected in The Sketch Book (London, 1820), appeared serially in New York in 1819– 20; their enthusiastic reception made Irving the best- known figure in American literature both at home and abroad.

12. Bracebridge Hall and Tales of a Traveller Bracebridge Hall (1822), the next volume of essays, although inferior to the previous book, was well received. However, his Tales of a Traveller (1824),which Irving considered one of his finer works, sold respectably.

13. Spanish books In 1826 Irving moved to Madrid, Spain. The Life and Voyages of Christopher Columbus published in1828 The Chronicles of the Conquest of Granada published in 1829 Tales of the Alhambra published in 1832

14. back to America In 1832 Irving returned to America,and subsequently established himself at his estate, Sunnyside. A Tour on the Prairies Astoria In 1834, he was approached by fur magnate John Jacob Astor, who convinced Irving to write a history of his fur trading colony in the American Northwest, now known as Astoria. The Adventures of Captain Bonneville "western" series

15. final days He was sent to Madrid as American minister to Spain (1842–46). Once more at Sunnyside, he wrote a biography of Oliver Goldsmith (1849) and the miscellaneous （各种的） sketches called Wolfert's Roost (1855) and labored at his biography The Life of George Washington (5 volumes,1855–59), which he completed just before his death.

16. work Fiction Astoria Bracebridge Hall Knickerbocker's History of New York Old Christmas Tales of a Traveller The Adventures of Captain Bonneville The Crayon Papers The Sketchbook of Geoffrey Crayon Non-Fiction Abbotsford and Newstead Abbey Life of George Washington Oliver Goldsmith

17. A Legend of Communipaw Communipaw Conspiracy of the Cocked Hats Desultory Thoughts on Criticism Little Britain National Nomenclature Pelayo and the Merchant's Daughter Recollections of The Alhambra Rip Van Winkle Spanish Romance The Abencerrage The Adelantado of the Seven Cities The Bermudas The Birds of Spring The Count van Horn The Devil and Tom Walker The Enchanted Island The Knight of Malta The Legend of Don Munio Sancho de Hinojosa The Legend of Sleepy Hollow The Legend of the Engulphed Convent Short Stories

19. ◆ Characters Ichabod Crane--------the teacher in the village, a coward Katrina Van Tassel---the only daughter of a rich farmer, the one Ichabod loves Brom Bones-----------a strong young man ◆ Place Tarry Town ( 塔里镇） Connecticut （康涅狄格州）

20. plot Crane is competing with Brom Bones for Katrina. As Crane leaves a party he attended at the Van Tassel home on an autumn night. He is pursued by the Headless Horseman,who is supposedly the ghost of a Hessian ( 德国黑森州的 ) trooper ( 骑 兵 ); his head shot off by a stray cannonball during “some nameless battle” of the American Revolutionary War. Ichabod mysteriously disappears from town, leaving Katrina to marry Brom Bones, who was “to look exceedingly knowing whenever the story of Ichabod was related”.

21. Focusing on the description of natural scenery, and the subjective world of personal feelings: vividly describes the Ichabod’s appearance and his inner world. Humorous Vivid characters Good at creating atmosphere......

22. example Ichabod was a suitable figure for such a steed.He rode with short stirrups,which brought his knees nearly up to the pommel of the saddle; his sharp elbows stuck out like grasshoppers; he carried his whip perpendicularly in his hand, like a scepter and his horse jogged on, the motion of his arms was not unlike the flapping of a pair of wings. 他用的是一副短马蹬，因此，骑了上去，只 好把膝盖抬得高高的，几乎 碰到了鞍头；削瘦的肘子像蚱蜢腿似的伸出去；他把马鞭子笔直地捧在手里 ，像王 笏一样；等到这匹马走起来，他两只胳膊的动作简直和翅膀的拍打差 不了多少。

23. influence One of the first noted American authors to be highly acclaimed in Europe during his life time His characters Ichabod Crane and Rip van Winkle are now icons of popular American culture, and many of Irving's works have inspired adaptations to the stage and film. his writing style: graceful, humorous... "I am always at a loss to know how much to believe of my own stories." (from Tales of a Traveler, 1824)

24. Thank you!