1. McGraw-Hill/Irwin Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Update Edition Chapter 11 Accessing Database Files

2. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 2 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Database Formats Supported Microsoft Access dBASE III, IV, V Excel FoxPro Lotus Paradox SQL Server Oracle DB2

3. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 3 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Databases Tables –Records Fields Primary Key Foreign Key Relationships Database Terminology

4. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 4 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Relational Databases Database includes –Tables - collection of related data –Queries - SQL designed to select data from tables Table –Record - row of related data for one instance –Field - column of specific data element –Keys Primary - uniquely identifies a record Foreign - links record to related record in related table

5. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 5 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Creating New Access Databases Use Microsoft Access Use VB's Visual Data Manager Add-In –Add-Ins menu, Visual Data Manager –VisData Application capabilities Create a new file Modify an existing file –VisData Includes Query Builder Utility DataForm Designer

6. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 6 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ADO Active Data Object Microsoft's latest database object model –There have been many in previous releases, some still compatible with VB 6, some not –You should use ADO rather than the older models (DAO, RDO)

7. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 7 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ADO Data Control Connections (ADODC) Add active data control to toolbox –Project, Components, Microsoft ADO Data Control 6.0 (OLEDB) Add data control to form Set properties –Prefix - ado –Custom Property Pages - Build Connect String Connect data aware controls to data control

8. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 8 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Data Aware/Data Bound Controls Controls bound to database fields Linked to the database using ADODC Intrinsic Controls –labels –text boxes –check boxes –images –picture boxes –list boxes –combo boxes –data-bound list boxes –data-bound combo boxes –data-bound grids

9. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 9 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ADODC Properties (pp 447-451) Connection String –OLE DB Provider (ex: Jet 3.5.1 or Jet 4.0) (p 99) –Database path and filename –Optional userid and password RecordSource –Name of Table, Stored Procedure, or SQL statement –Command type (ex: adCmdTable, adCmdStoredProc, adCmdText) Access Permissions (ex: read, readwrite)

10. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 10 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Linking Data Aware Controls Intrinsic controls –DataSource ===> ADODC –DataField ===> field in source

11. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 11 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Navigating the Database Use the movement buttons on the ADODC to move through the database records OR Set the ADODC's Visible property to False and write code for command buttons to move through the records using the Recordset object

12. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 12 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Recordset Object that contains a set of records from ADO data control –RecordSource property of the data control determines the recordset Recordset has properties and methods

13. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 13 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Using Recordset Object Object in ADODC hierarchy Has methods and properties to use for record movement and to determine EOF and BOF

14. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 14 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Recordset Object - Move Methods Code Examples adoBooks.Recordset.MoveFirst adoBooks.Recordset.MoveLast adoBooks.Recordset.MoveNext adoBooks.Recordset.MovePrevious adoBooks.Recordset.EOF adoBooks.Recordset.BOF

15. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 15 McGraw-Hill/Irwin EOF and Move Next Be careful not to move past EOF Private Sub cmdNext_Click( ) With adoBooks.Recordset.MoveNext If.EOF then.MoveFirst End IF End With End Sub

16. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 16 McGraw-Hill/Irwin BOF and Move Previous Be careful not to move past BOF Private Sub cmdPrevious_Click( ) With adoBooks.Recordset.MovePrevious If.BOF then.MoveLast End IF End With End Sub

17. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 17 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Lookup Table for a Field Use a combo box to display a list of acceptable values for a field Populate the combo 1 of 2 ways –Enter the list of values in the List property at design time –Use the AddItem method in Form_Load at run time When the user selects an item from the combo's list update the database field

18. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 18 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Updating a Database File Modify existing records Add records Delete records

19. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 19 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Modifying Records With bound controls, saving changes is practically automatic (if ADODC's ReadOnly=False) Changes to record saved when user moves to another record (like Access) Explicitly save changes in code using the Recordset's Update method

20. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 20 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Adding Records Automatically ADODC –Set EOFAction property to adDoAddNew in Properties Window At EOF, when user clicks next record –VB automatically begins Add operation –VB clears bound controls –When user clicks arrow button, the Update method is automatically executed and the new record is written to the file

21. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 21 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Disadvantages of Using ADODC for Add No opportunity for data validation of field values If user enters invalid data you will not be able to easily trap the error and the program will terminate If user decides not to add the record there is no way for them to cancel

22. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 22 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Adding Records Manually AddNew method clears all bound controls (New Record cmd button) After the user enters the data, perform data validation, write to file using Update method (Save Record cmd button) adoBooks.Recordset.Update adoBooks.Recordset.AddNew

23. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 23 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Typical Add Record Problems Primary Key Field must be entered or a runtime error occurs Make sure you have provided a textbox for the user to enter the Primary Key or create the Key programatically Use data validation to verify the validity of the primary key and all other data

24. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 24 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Protecting an Add Record (P468-471) When the user clicks the New Record/Add Record cmd button –Enable the Save cmd button –Enable the Cancel cmd button or just change the caption of Add to Cancel and use code (If structure or Select Case) to check the caption and decide what to do –Disable all other navigational and operational buttons

25. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 25 McGraw-Hill/Irwin With adoBooks.Recordset.Delete.MoveNext End With Deleting Records Delete method deletes the current record Always follow with a Move method since the current record is no longer valid after it has been deleted!

26. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 26 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Delete Considerations What if the record deleted is the last record? What if the record deleted was the only record?

27. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 27 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Better Delete Code With adoBooks.Recordset.Delete.MoveNext If.EOF Then.MovePrevious If.BOF Then MsgBox "The recordset is empty" End If End With

28. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 28 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Tips For Preventing User Errors Set TextBox's MaxLength equal to database field length Use TextBox's Lock property when you don't want the user to change data, like primary key when not adding a record Once an Add has begun disable all navigation buttons (see code example pages 468-471)

29. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 29 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Typical Database Errors Entering data that violates rules –Empty key field –Duplicate key field –Violates referential integrity

30. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 30 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Additional Special Topics Connection String Considerations Opening a Database Closing a Database

31. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 31 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Connection String Considerations The ADODC's ConnectionString can be set using the custom property pages –If so ==> the connection string contains a "hard-coded" path to the database file –If the database file is moved, the ConnectionString is no longer valid Overcome this problem by using the App.Path object as we did for Sequential and Random files

32. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 32 McGraw-Hill/Irwin ConnectionString Code Example adoBooks.ConnectionString= "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.3.51; Persist Security Info=False; Data Source=" & App.Path & "\Biblio.mdb; Mode=Read" App.Path points to the folder/directory in which the VB Project is saved. The database file must be saved in the same folder for this code to work.

33. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 33 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Open or Reopen a Database (ADODC) Use the Refresh method of the ADO control to open or reopen a database adoBooks.Refresh

34. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 34 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Ex: Writing Code to Open a Database using ALL Custom Properties of the ADODC Private Sub Form_Load( ) With adoBooks.ConnectionString="Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.3.51;" & _ "Persist Security Info=False;" & _ "Data Source=" & App.Path & "\AVB.mdb; " & _ "Mode=Read".CommandType=adCmdTable.RecordSource="Patient".Refresh End With Note:If you type the ConnectionString on one line in the code window, the & and _ are not needed!

35. Programming in Visual Basic 6.0 Update Edition © 2002 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. 35 McGraw-Hill/Irwin Close a Database (ADODC) Use the Close method of the ADO control to close a database Usually place this code in Form_Unload of the form that opened the database or the main form's Unload event adoBooks.Recordset.Close