1. Feudalism in Europe Chapter 13 Section 2

2. I New Invasions Trouble Western Europe A
I New Invasions Trouble Western Europe A. Vikings: Raiders, Traders, Explorers
Vikings: Raiders, Traders, & Explorers
Vikings are from Scandanavia
Germanic ppl AKA Northmen or Norsemen who worshiped warlike gods
Attacked, looted, retreated before local troops responded
Leif Ericson reached NA 500 yrs Before Columbus
Warming trend in Europe made farming easierled to decline in attacks
Adopted Christianitystopped raiding monastaries

3. Magyars & Muslims As Viking invasions decline Magyars begin
Magyars= nomadic ppl & great horseback riders
Didn’t settle conquered areas but captured ppl and sold them into slavery
Overran Italy reached as far as Burgundy (France)
Muslims= excellent sailors controlled Med. Sea & disrupted trade
Both caused disorder &suffering
No saftey + no ruler for power = local rulers & local armies

4. II Feudalism Structures Society
Rollo= leader of Viking army
Charles the simple= king of France
Charles grants Rollo large piece of French land which they called northmen’s land (Normandy)
In return, Rollo swore loyalty to Charles

5. A. A New Social Order
Manny alliances like that of Rollo & Charles formed
Feudalism
Lord (landowner) grants a fief (piece of land) to vassal (person receiving land) in return for military protection
Rollo= vassal & Charles= lord
Feudalism depended on the control of land

6. B. Feudal Pyramid King Lords (Vassals) = church officials & nobles
Knights (Vassals)= warriors pledged to protect lords land in return for fief
Landless peasants toiled the land

7. C. Social Classes are Well Defined
3 medieval groups
Those who fought= nobles & knights
Those who prayed= men & women of church
Those who worked= the peasants
Majority of ppl were peasants who could also be serfs
Serfs= ppl who could not legally leave the palace in which they were born
Serfs were bound to land but were not slaves because lords could not sell or buy them
Wealth of feudal lords depended on work of peasants

8. III Manors: The Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor = the lords estate (property)
Manor system= the economic arrangement
Lord provided serfs w/ housing, farmland, protection in return for serfs tending the land

9. A. Self Contained World
Peasants rarely traveled any more than 25 from manor
Manor consisted of lords manor house, church, workshops
Manor was self-sufficient com.
Serfs & peasants raised or produced nearly all they & their lord needed for daily life

10. B. Harshness of manor Life
Peasants paid high price for living on lords land
Tax on all grain ground in lords mill
Crime to avoid tax by baking break somewhere else
Tax on marriage
Weddings took place only with the lords consent
After payments to lord, peasants owed village priest a tithe
Tithe= church tax (1/10 of income)
Accepted harsh life because medieval Christians believed god predetermined someone’s place in life