2. What is an enzyme? Type of protein. Catalyzes / Speeds up a chemical reaction. Decreases Energy of Activation.

3. What are the 6 biological elements? C H O N P S

4. What are the 4 types of biomolecules? Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids

5. What is the function of carbohydrates? Short Term Energy storage

6. What is the function of nucleic acids? Store and transmit genetic information.

7. What are some examples of carbohydrates? Fruit Grains Glucose and Fructose Cellulose and Starch Sugars in general…

8. What are phospholipids? Type of lipids Main biomolecule in cell membranes

9. What is the function of protein? Catalyzes chemical reactions. Provides cell structure.

10. What is the function of lipids? Long Term Energy storage Cell Membranes Chemical messaging

11. What is the monomer of carbohydrates? Monosaccharide (simple sugar)

12. What is the monomer of nucleic acids? Nucleotide

13. What is the monomer of lipids? Fatty Acids Glycerol

14. What is the monomer of proteins? Amino Acids

15. What is hydrolysis? Chemical Reaction Water Added Break down large molecules

16. What is dehydration? Chemical Reaction Remove Water Build larger molecules

17. What is hemoglobin? Type of protein Contains Iron Binds with oxygen in blood

18. What does it mean to be “polar”? Uneven distribution of electrons across the surface of a molecule. Water = Polar Head of phospholipids = Polar

19. Describe the charge distribution of water molecules: Hydrogen = slightly positive Oxygen = slightly negative

20. What is a valence electron? Outermost electron of atom Forms bonds

21. What is ATP? Adenosine Triphosphate Energy storing molecule

22. How does ATP store energy? Phosphate bonds Add a Phosphate = Store Energy

23. How can energy be released from ATP? Removal of a phosphate ATP  ADP

24. What is homeostasis? Maintenance of internal stability Maintaining internal conditions

25. What is the nucleus? Cell organelle Stores DNA “Control Center” Contains info needed to make proteins

26. What’s found in the nucleus? DNA Chromatin Chromosomes Nucleolus

27. What do mitochondria do? Cellular Respiration Release stored energy from carbohydrates

28. What is the function of the cell membrane? Protect the cell Maintain what enters and exits

29. What is diffusion? The movement of molecules from an area of HIGH to LOW concentration.

30. What is equilibrium? “Same” on “both sides”

31. What is active transport? Movement of particles against a concentration gradient. ENERGY NEEDED!

32. What is osmosis? The movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane. High to Low water concentration.

33. What will happen to a salt-water cell placed in fresh-water? It will burst Water will rush in High  Low

34. What are ribosomes? Cell organelles Make protein

35. What is an acid? Molecule which dissociates in water Releases Hydrogen Ions

36. What is a base? Molecule which dissociates in water Releases Hydroxide Ions

37. How does your blood maintain pH? Bicarbonate / Carbonate Buffer Too Acidic  Carbonate binds with H+  Bicarbonate Too Basic  Bicarbonate releases H+  Carbonate

38. How is matter related to all living systems? All living systems are made of matter All living systems cycle and transfer matter