1. Unit 1: Human Reproduction, Sexuality and Intimacy 1. Caring for the Sexual and Reproductive Systems 2. Sexuality 3. Intimacy and Sexual Decision Making

2. . Caring for the Sexual and Reproductive System This can be an embarrassing topic, but caring for your sexual and reproductive system is as important as any other part of your body. This can be an embarrassing topic, but caring for your sexual and reproductive system is as important as any other part of your body. Talk to someone you trust – Parents, doctor, etc. Talk to someone you trust – Parents, doctor, etc.

3. Female System – External (pg 50) Labia- Flaps of skin surrounding the vagina. Fill with blood when woman is aroused (erectile) Labia- Flaps of skin surrounding the vagina. Fill with blood when woman is aroused (erectile) * 2 sets: minora (inner) and majora (outer) Clitoris- Sensory organ, filled with nerve endings Clitoris- Sensory organ, filled with nerve endings Urethra- Tube, carries urine from Urethra- Tube, carries urine from bladder out of the body Vaginal Opening Vaginal Opening

4. Female System – Internal (pg 52) Vagina- Muscular tube, from uterus to vaginal opening. Where penis enters during intercourse and where baby exits during childbirth Vagina- Muscular tube, from uterus to vaginal opening. Where penis enters during intercourse and where baby exits during childbirth Cervix- Where vagina and uterus connect. Expands during childbirth Cervix- Where vagina and uterus connect. Expands during childbirth Uterus (womb)- Where fertilized egg implants and grows. Full of strong, expandable muscles Uterus (womb)- Where fertilized egg implants and grows. Full of strong, expandable muscles Endometrium- Nutrient-rich lining of the uterus, which nourishes embryo. No fertilization, lining is shed (period) Endometrium- Nutrient-rich lining of the uterus, which nourishes embryo. No fertilization, lining is shed (period) Fallopian Tubes- Connect ovaries and uterus. Egg released from ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes Fallopian Tubes- Connect ovaries and uterus. Egg released from ovaries and travels through the fallopian tubes Ovaries- 2 organs, located to left and right of uterus. Produce, store and release eggs (ovulation). Ovaries- 2 organs, located to left and right of uterus. Produce, store and release eggs (ovulation).

5. Female System – Internal

6. Reproductive Problems in Women Cervical- Linked to human papilloma virus (HPV). More common in women who begin sexual activity young or have multiple partners. Cervical- Linked to human papilloma virus (HPV). More common in women who begin sexual activity young or have multiple partners. * Pap tests can check for this form of cancer Ovarian- Causes unknown, checked by doctors during sexual health exams. Ovarian- Causes unknown, checked by doctors during sexual health exams. Breast- Most common type of cancer in women. 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer. Potential causes: family history/genetics, smoking/2 nd hand smoke, unhealthy diet. Breast- Most common type of cancer in women. 1 in 9 women will develop breast cancer. Potential causes: family history/genetics, smoking/2 nd hand smoke, unhealthy diet. * Page 55, breast awareness *Other female ailments on page 53.

7. Male System - External Penis Shaft- Passageway for urine and semen. Contains columns which fill with blood, causes penis to become erect during sexual excitement. Penis Shaft- Passageway for urine and semen. Contains columns which fill with blood, causes penis to become erect during sexual excitement. Glans Penis- Sensitive tip of penis. May be covered by foreskin (depends on whether or not penis has been circumcised) Glans Penis- Sensitive tip of penis. May be covered by foreskin (depends on whether or not penis has been circumcised) Scrotum- Skin sac which holds testicles. Muscle causes scrotum to relax/contract in response to temperature. Testicles must be at a lower temperature than rest of body to perform properly. Scrotum- Skin sac which holds testicles. Muscle causes scrotum to relax/contract in response to temperature. Testicles must be at a lower temperature than rest of body to perform properly.

8. Male System - Internal Testicles (testes)- Male reproductive glands. Release testosterone at puberty, causes changes in male body Testicles (testes)- Male reproductive glands. Release testosterone at puberty, causes changes in male body Duct System- Epididymis, vas deferens and urethra. Tubes which take semen and urine out of the body Duct System- Epididymis, vas deferens and urethra. Tubes which take semen and urine out of the body Accessory Glands- Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands and prostate gland. Secrete lubricants into tube systems, and produce semen Accessory Glands- Seminal vesicles, Cowper’s glands and prostate gland. Secrete lubricants into tube systems, and produce semen *Semen- Whitish-yellow fluid which nourishes sperm, produced by accessory glands. Contains about 250 million sperm, making up 1% ejaculatory fluid

9. Male System (pg 57)

10. Reproductive Problems in Men Hernia- Intestine pushes through abdominal wall and into groin or scrotum Hernia- Intestine pushes through abdominal wall and into groin or scrotum Testicular Injury- Very common with athletics Testicular Injury- Very common with athletics STI’s- Chapter 6 looks at these more closely STI’s- Chapter 6 looks at these more closely Testicular Cancer- Cells in testicles divide abnormally, causing tumour. Treatable if caught early Testicular Cancer- Cells in testicles divide abnormally, causing tumour. Treatable if caught early Prostate Cancer- Very common (older men). 20,000 diagnosed per year. Treatable if caught early, regular tests after age of 40 Prostate Cancer- Very common (older men). 20,000 diagnosed per year. Treatable if caught early, regular tests after age of 40 * Page 59, testicle awareness

11. 5. Sexuality What is Sexuality? What is Sexuality? Physical Development of sexual characteristics Physical Development of sexual characteristics Gender roles and relationships Gender roles and relationships Intimacy, love and affection Intimacy, love and affection Sexual attraction Sexual attraction Sexual contact and behaviour Sexual contact and behaviour Sexual decision making Sexual decision making Sexual orientation Sexual orientation

12. Stages of Human Sexual Development Stage 1: Infancy (Birth – Age 2) Stage 1: Infancy (Birth – Age 2) Babies dependant on others Babies dependant on others Mimic others, learn love from contact Mimic others, learn love from contact Already learning gender roles (girls wear pink) Already learning gender roles (girls wear pink) Stage 2: Childhood (ages 3-8) Stage 2: Childhood (ages 3-8) Curious about bodies Curious about bodies Know they are male or female Know they are male or female Stage 3: Pre-adolescent (ages 9-12) Puberty, awkward feelings about body Puberty, awkward feelings about body Develop crushes Develop crushes Puberty comes at different times for different people Puberty comes at different times for different people

13. Cnt’d Stage 4: Adolescence (ages 13-18) Stage 4: Adolescence (ages 13-18) Begin dating Begin dating Peer Pressure Peer Pressure Stage 5: Early Adulthood (ages 19-45) Stage 5: Early Adulthood (ages 19-45) Fully developed bodies, more comfortable with their bodies Fully developed bodies, more comfortable with their bodies Long-term partners, marriage Long-term partners, marriage Stage 6: Later Adulthood (ages 46 +) Stage 6: Later Adulthood (ages 46 +) May raise children May raise children Hormonal changes: menopause (when a woman’s Hormonal changes: menopause (when a woman’s period stops) Usual decrease in sexual activity, but still has Usual decrease in sexual activity, but still has feelings of love and intimacy * Page 66-67

14. Physical Changes During Adolescence At puberty, the pituitary gland begins releasing sex hormones: At puberty, the pituitary gland begins releasing sex hormones: Estrogen: Females Estrogen: Females Testosterone: Males Testosterone: Males Messages are delivered to the testicles and ovaries to begin producing these hormones Messages are delivered to the testicles and ovaries to begin producing these hormones

15. Female Changes At puberty, eggs mature and estrogen released which causes release of eggs once a month. Happens from puberty to menopause, called ovulation At puberty, eggs mature and estrogen released which causes release of eggs once a month. Happens from puberty to menopause, called ovulation Endometrium thickens and sheds if fertilization occurs. Menstruation (period) lasts 3-7 days Endometrium thickens and sheds if fertilization occurs. Menstruation (period) lasts 3-7 days Tampon inserted into vagina catches menstrual blood Tampon inserted into vagina catches menstrual blood

16. Male Changes At puberty, pituitary gland tells testes to release testosterone. This causes the testicles to produce sperm. Called spermatogenesis At puberty, pituitary gland tells testes to release testosterone. This causes the testicles to produce sperm. Called spermatogenesis Ejaculation can only occur if penis is erect Ejaculation can only occur if penis is erect During puberty, erections can occur for no reason During puberty, erections can occur for no reason

17. Hygiene Skin- Oil may cause acne. Healthy diet, and washing your face regularly can help stop acne Skin- Oil may cause acne. Healthy diet, and washing your face regularly can help stop acne Body Odour- Caused by increase in sex hormone production. Bathe or shower regularly, and use deodorant/anti-perspirant Body Odour- Caused by increase in sex hormone production. Bathe or shower regularly, and use deodorant/anti-perspirant Personal Hygiene- Clean your penis or vagina with warm water and soap Personal Hygiene- Clean your penis or vagina with warm water and soap Grooming- Up to the individual Grooming- Up to the individual

18. Emotional and Social Changes Emotional: Intense emotions (sexual feelings), a want for independence Emotional: Intense emotions (sexual feelings), a want for independence * If you have frequent feelings of being stressed or anxious, talk to someone you trust Social: Friends, family and others become increasingly important. Spend time with people who make you feel good about yourself Social: Friends, family and others become increasingly important. Spend time with people who make you feel good about yourself

19. Gender Identity and Sexual Orientation One’s own sense of being a male, female or other: One’s own sense of being a male, female or other: Transsexual: Desire to live as a member of the opposite sex. Consider hormonal therapy and sex change Transsexual: Desire to live as a member of the opposite sex. Consider hormonal therapy and sex change Transgender: Desire to live as a member of the opposite sex, usually dress to match opposite sex Transgender: Desire to live as a member of the opposite sex, usually dress to match opposite sex Sexual Orientation: An individual’s sexual preference Sexual Orientation: An individual’s sexual preference Heterosexual: Sexual attraction to opposite sex Heterosexual: Sexual attraction to opposite sex Homosexual (gay or lesbian): Sexual attraction to same sex Homosexual (gay or lesbian): Sexual attraction to same sex Bisexual: Attracted to both sexes Bisexual: Attracted to both sexes

20. Gender vs. Sex Sex: Being a male or female as determined by sexual organs and functions Sex: Being a male or female as determined by sexual organs and functions Gender: Being a male or female as defined by society Gender: Being a male or female as defined by society Gender Roles: Sets of behaviours that project an image of masculinity or femininity Gender Roles: Sets of behaviours that project an image of masculinity or femininity Cultural differences: Different cultures Cultural differences: Different cultures see male and female roles in different ways. Example: Japanese women cover mouths when laughing

21. Changes Over Time Socialization: The idea that gender and sexuality change over time Socialization: The idea that gender and sexuality change over time

22. Sex and the Media Sex as a Sales Tool Sex as a Sales Tool Double Standards Double Standards * Females are often over sexualized in media, but discouraged from sexual activity in real life. The opposite is true for males

23. 6. Intimacy and Sexual Decision Making When making decisions about your sexuality, listen to your “gut instinct” When making decisions about your sexuality, listen to your “gut instinct”

24. Healthy Relationships A relationship in which both partners feel good, respect one another and consider each others feelings A relationship in which both partners feel good, respect one another and consider each others feelings List on page 82 List on page 82 SHARE SHARE Safety Safety Honesty Honesty Acceptance Acceptance Respect Respect Enjoyment Enjoyment

25. Sexual Intimacy and Activity Sexual Intimacy- Aspect of intimacy that includes how much personal information we share with our partner, and how we communicate Sexual Intimacy- Aspect of intimacy that includes how much personal information we share with our partner, and how we communicate Sexually Active- Engaging in sexual activity Sexually Active- Engaging in sexual activity

26. Healthy Decisions Don’t Rush Don’t Rush Don’t do anything you do not want to do Don’t do anything you do not want to do You are not alone (relationships) You are not alone (relationships) Be comfortable during discussions Be comfortable during discussions Sexual Decision Making entails making conscious decisions about your sexual activity Sexual Decision Making entails making conscious decisions about your sexual activity Pg 87 Pg 87

27. Risks STI’s STI’s Pregnancy Pregnancy *Abstinence (refraining from any sexual activity) is the only fool proof way of avoiding these risks

28. Contraception Designed to stop the fertilization of egg by sperm Designed to stop the fertilization of egg by sperm Condoms (easily obtained, high success rate) Condoms (easily obtained, high success rate) The pill and other hormonal methods The pill and other hormonal methods No contraception is 100% effective No contraception is 100% effective Just the facts pg 91 Just the facts pg 91

29. Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STI’s) Infections caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted through body fluids (semen, blood, etc) Infections caused by bacteria, viruses or parasites transmitted through body fluids (semen, blood, etc) Some have very mild (itches, rashes) and are cured easily. Others, such as HIV or herpes, cannot be cured Some have very mild (itches, rashes) and are cured easily. Others, such as HIV or herpes, cannot be cured

30. Spreading Any type of sexual activity, not just intercourse Any type of sexual activity, not just intercourse Infected blood (infected needles, syringes) Infected blood (infected needles, syringes) Infected women can infect their babies (during pregnancy, breastfeeding) Infected women can infect their babies (during pregnancy, breastfeeding) Sometimes, people do not exhibit symptoms and do not know they are infected Sometimes, people do not exhibit symptoms and do not know they are infected If sexually active, avoid risky behaviour (use contraception) and get tested regularly If sexually active, avoid risky behaviour (use contraception) and get tested regularly

31. Treatment Bacterial Infections: Chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphillis, cured using different antibiotics Bacterial Infections: Chlamydia, gonorrhea and syphillis, cured using different antibiotics Viral Infections: Hepatitis, genital warts, genital herpes and HIV/aids, has no cure; however, treatment is available which may reduce symptoms Viral Infections: Hepatitis, genital warts, genital herpes and HIV/aids, has no cure; however, treatment is available which may reduce symptoms * List of STI’s pg 94-95