1. WHII: SOL 15, 16a, b Religions, Developed and Developing Nations

2. Judaism Monotheism Ten Commandments of moral and religious conduct Torah: Written records and beliefs of the Jews

3. Christianity Monotheism Jesus as Son of God Life after death New Testament: Life and teachings of Jesus Establishment of Christian doctrines by early church councils

4. Islam Monotheism Muhammad, the prophet Qur’an (Koran) Five Pillars of Islam Mecca and Medina

5. Buddhism Founder: Siddhartha Gautama (Buddha) Four Noble Truths Eightfold Path to Enlightenment Spread of Buddhism from India to China and other parts of Asia, resulting from Asoka’s missionaries and their writings

6. Hinduism Many forms of one God Reincarnation: Rebirth based upon karma Karma: Knowledge that all thoughts and actions result in future consequences

7. Geographic distribution of world’s major religions Judaism: Concentrated in Israel and North America Christianity: Concentrated in Europe and North and South America Islam: Concentrated in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia Hinduism: Concentrated in India Buddhism: Concentrated in East and Southeast Asia

9. Migrations of refugees and others Refugees as an issue in international conflicts Migrations of “guest workers” to European cities

10. Ethnic and religious conflicts Middle East (Jews vs. Muslims, over Israel) – (Sunni vs. Shiite Muslims) Northern Ireland (Catholics vs. Protestants) Balkans (Yugoslavia) multiethnic nation – Serbs, Montenegrins, and Macedonians (Orthodox Christians) – Croats and Slovenes (Roman Catholic) – Muslim Bosnians and Albanians

11. Ethnic and religious conflicts Horn of Africa – Socialism vs. Capitalism South Asia – Communist vs. Nationalist

12. Impact of new technologies Widespread but unequal access to computers and instantaneous communications Genetic engineering and bioethics

13. Contrasts between developed and developing nations Geographic locations of major developed and developing countries Economic conditions Social conditions (literacy, access to health care) Population size and rate of growth

14. Factors affecting environment and society Economic development Rapid population growth Environmental challenges Pollution Loss of habitat Global climate change

15. Social challenges Poverty Poor health Illiteracy Famine Migration Relationship between economic and political freedom Free market economies produce rising standards of living and an expanding middle class, which produces growing demands for political freedoms and individual rights. Recent examples include Taiwan and South Korea.