3. Vocabulary

4. Formal region 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

5. Mercator Projection 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

6. Emigration 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

7. Environmental Determinism 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

8. Intervening Obstacles 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

9. Creolized language 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

10. Apartheid 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

12. Formal Region A uniform region An area in which everyone shares in one or more distinctive characteristics

13. Mercator Projection Preserves direction; distorts at the poles

14. Emigration Migration from a location

15. Environmental Determinism The physical environment causes social development

16. Intervening Obstacles A physical feature which hinders migration

17. Creolized language A mix of indigenous and colonial languages (a pidgin language that became a written down language)

18. Apartheid The geographic separation of races in South Africa

19. Theories

20. Thomas Malthus’ Theory 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

21. Von Thunen Theory 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

22. Boserup Theory 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

23. Weber’s Least Cost Theory 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

24. Bid-Rent Curve 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

25. Rostow’s Development Model 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

26. Gravity Model 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

28. Thomas Malthus’ Theory The world’s rate of population increase was higher than the development of food supplies

29. Von Thunen Theory Emphasizes transportation cost in this model of agricultural land use From the center: city, horticulture & dairy, forestry, crop rotation, grazing

30. Boserup Theory Population determines agricultural methods Food supply is adapted by farmers to meet the changing population

31. Weber’s Least Cost Theory Cost of transportation determined by weight of the good and distance to the market

32. Bid-rent curve Land decreases in value as one gets farther from the CBD Intersections at major roads leading to the CBD can increase in land values

33. Rostow’s Development Model The traditional society The preconditions for takeoff The take off The drive to maturity The age of mass consumption

34. Gravity Model The potential use of a service at is location is related directly to population and inversely to distance

35. More Vocabulary

36. Density 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

37. Site 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

38. Relocation diffusion 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

39. Sino-Tibetan 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

40. Ethnic religion 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

41. Southwest Asia 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

42. Balkanization 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

44. Density The frequency with which something exists within a given unit of area

45. Site The physical character of a place Examples—climate, water, soil, vegetation, latitude, elevation

46. Relocation Diffusion The spread of a feature/trend through bodily movement of people from one place to another Examples: Amish, economic development through international trade, folk culture

47. Sino-Tibetan Second largest language family after Indo-European

48. Ethnic religion Religion that appeals mostly to one group of people in one place

49. Southwest Asia Where the world’s three major monotheistic religions originated

50. Balkanization Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

51. Other Stuff

52. Scale 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

53. Physiological Density 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

54. Sovereignty 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

55. Nation-State 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

56. Transhumance 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

57. Intensive Subsistance Farming 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

58. Quinary sector 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

60. Scale Relationship between the portion of the Earth being studied and the Earth as a whole Large Scale=city Small Scale=continent

61. Physiological Density Number of people per area suitable for agriculture

62. Sovereignty Self-governing; internal affairs not controlled by other states

63. Nation-State A State whose territory corresponds to that occupied by a particular ethnicity that has been transformed into a nationality

64. Transhumance Seasonal movement from highlands to lowland pastures

65. Intensive Subsistance Farming Great effort to produce enough food to feed yourself Most practice type of agriculture in the world

66. Quinary Sector High level decision making jobs in the quaternary sector

67. Miscellaneous Hodge-podge

68. Four Asian Tigers 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

69. Break-of-Bulk Point 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

70. Megalopolis 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

71. Primate City 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

72. Edge City 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

73. Gentrification 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

74. Swidden 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

76. Four Asian Tigers a.k.a. “Four Asian Dragons” or “Four Economic Tigers” Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan First countries to adopt the international trade alternatives

77. Break-of-Bulk Point Where a company which uses more than one mode of transportation will locate Examples: Seaports and airports

78. Megalopolis When adjacent metropolitan statistical areas overlap Examples: Boston to Washington, DC; Los Angeles to Tijuana, Tokyo to Yokahama, Chicago to Pittsburg

79. Primate City An urban center that is disproportionately larger than the second largest city in a country Dominates country’s social, political, and economic activities

80. Edge City Originated as suburban residents for central city workers then shopping malls, etc. where built in the area Near the interstate

81. Gentrification Distressed inner city neighborhoods are refurbished

82. Swidden A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning