1. Human Heart & Circulatory System
6th Grade Health: Mr. Springer
for a triple bypass surgery!
The heart is a muscular organ found in all animals with a circulatory system (including all vertebrates), that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term cardiac (as in cardiology) means "related to the heart" and comes from the Greek καρδιά, kardia, for "heart."
The vertebrate heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only within this organ. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an average 66 year lifespan. It weighs on average 250 g to 300 g in females and 300 g to 350 g in males.[1]
In invertebrates, the heart is typically a tube or small sac and pumps fluid that contains water and nutrients such as proteins, fats, and sugars. In insects, the "heart" is often called the dorsal tube and insect "blood" is almost always not oxygenated since they usually respirate (breathe) directly from their body surfaces to air. However, the hearts of some other arthropods (including spiders and crustaceans such as crabs and shrimp) and some other animals pump hemolymph, which contains the copper-based protein hemocyanin as an oxygen transporter similar to the iron-based hemoglobin in red blood cells found in vertebrates.

2. What is the Circulatory System?
Circulatory System- consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and removes their waste products
Pulmonary Circulation- flow of blood from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart
Systemic Circulation- flow of blood to all the body tissues except the lungs

3. Parts of The Circulatory System
Arteries- blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart to other parts of the body
Veins- blood vessels that carry blood from the body back to the heart
Capillaries- tiny tubes that carry blood from the arteries to the body cells, and then back to the veins
Arterioles, venuoles… don’t forget about them! Veins pump against gravity and therefore have smooth muscle lining that helps to pump blood up via peristalsis.

4. Parts of The Circulatory System
The Heart!
The heart is responsible for pumping blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. The term cardiac (as in cardiology) means "related to the heart" and comes from the Greek καρδιά, kardia, for "heart."
The heart is composed of cardiac muscle, which is an involuntary striated muscle tissue found only within this organ. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an average 66 year lifespan. It weighs on average 250 g to 300 g in females and 300 g to 350 g in males.
Arterioles, venuoles… don’t forget about them! Veins pump against gravity and therefore have smooth muscle lining that helps to pump blood up via peristalsis.

5. Blood Pressure
As blood moves through your body it exerts pressure against the walls of blood vessels
Systolic Pressure- heart contracting to push blood into your arteries at it’s highest point
Diastolic Pressure- heart relaxes to refill and blood pressure is at it’s lowest point
Mention BP 125/80 is average… Systolic over diastolic… LUB DUB

6. Blood Has Types! Our blood comes in 4 different types… A B AB O
They are different because each blood type has a different protein on it’s surface (antibody) to identify it.
Arterioles, venuoles… don’t forget about them! Veins pump against gravity and therefore have smooth muscle lining that helps to pump blood up via peristalsis.

7. Composition of Blood (54%) (1%) (45%)
RBC = Erythrocyte WBC = Leukocyte
(45%)

8. Plasma Straw-colored liquid Made up of: 92% water 7% proteins
1% minerals
Sugar, vitamins, hormones & enzymes

9. A Look Inside
Leukocytes… white blood cells… defend against disease by engulfing the threat (process called phagocytosis)! RBC’s are the transporters of oxygen

10. A Look Inside
Leukocytes… White blood cells that defend against disease by engulfing (swallowing) the threat!
This process is called Phagocytosis
RBC’s are the transporters of oxygen!
Leukocytes… white blood cells… defend against disease by engulfing the threat (process called phagocytosis)! RBC’s are the transporters of oxygen

11. A Look Inside
Platelets stick together to form clots (scabs)

13. Parts Of The Heart
left atrium - the left upper chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-rich blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein.
left ventricle - the left lower chamber of the heart. It pumps the blood into the aorta.
mitral valve - the valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle. It prevents the back-flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium.

14. atrium. A large open space in a building, usually topped by a glass roof, sometimes containing elaborate landscaping and ponds. A popular style of hotel lobby.

15. Parts Of The Heart
aorta - the biggest and longest artery (a blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart) in the body. It carries oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the body.
inferior vena cava - a large vein (a blood vessel carrying blood to the heart) that carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium from the lower half of the body.

16. atrium. A large open space in a building, usually topped by a glass roof, sometimes containing elaborate landscaping and ponds. A popular style of hotel lobby.

17. Parts Of The Heart
pulmonary artery - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs.
pulmonary valve - the flaps between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery. When the ventricle contracts, the valve opens, causing blood to rush into the pulmonary artery. When the ventricle relaxes, the valves close, preventing the back-flow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right atrium.
pulmonary vein - the blood vessel that carries oxygen-rich blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

18. atrium. A large open space in a building, usually topped by a glass roof, sometimes containing elaborate landscaping and ponds. A popular style of hotel lobby.

19. Parts Of The Heart
right atrium - the right upper chamber of the heart. It receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through the inferior vena cava and the superior vena cava.
right ventricle - the right lower chamber of the heart. It pumps the blood into the pulmonary artery.
septum - the muscular wall that separates the left and right sides of the heart.

20. atrium. A large open space in a building, usually topped by a glass roof, sometimes containing elaborate landscaping and ponds. A popular style of hotel lobby.

21. Parts Of The Heart
superior vena cava - a large vein that carries oxygen-poor blood to the right atrium from the upper parts of the body.
tricuspid valve - the flaps between the right atrium and the right ventricle. It is composed of three leaf-like parts and prevents the back-flow of blood from the ventricle to the atrium.

24. Problems of the Circulatory System
Hypertension- blood pressure is consistently higher than normal which can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney failure
Pulmonary = lung

25. Problems of the Circulatory System
Arteriosclerosis- condition in which arteries harden, reducing the amount of blood that can flow through them

26. Problems of the Circulatory System
Heart Attack:
Blockage of flow of
blood to the heart.

27. Problems of the Circulatory System
Stroke:
Blood clots that
block vessels
in the brain or from the
rupture of a blood
vessel

28. Problems of the Circulatory System
Anemia:
Abnormally low level
of hemoglobin, a
protein that binds
to oxygen in red
blood cells

29. Problems of the Circulatory System
Leukemia:
disease in which extra white blood cells are produced.
Leukemia (American English) or leukaemia (British and Canadian English; Greek leukos λευκός, "white"; aima αίμα, "blood") is a cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of blood cells, usually leukocytes (white blood cells). Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. In turn, it is part of the even broader group of diseases called hematological neoplasms.
Acute leukemia is characterized by the rapid increase of immature blood cells. This crowding makes the bone marrow unable to produce healthy blood cells. Immediate treatment is required in acute leukemia due to the rapid progression and accumulation of the malignant cells, which then spill over into the bloodstream and spread to other organs of the body. Acute forms of leukemia are the most common forms of leukemia in children.
Chronic leukemia is distinguished by the excessive build up of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells. Typically taking months or years to progress, the cells are produced at a much higher rate than normal cells, resulting in many abnormal white blood cells in the blood. Whereas acute leukemia must be treated immediately, chronic forms are sometimes monitored for some time before treatment to ensure maximum effectiveness of therapy. Chronic leukemia mostly occurs in older people, but can theoretically occur in any age group.

30. Treating Heart & Circulatory Problems
Medication
Angioplasty
Heart Valve Surgery- a faulty valve can be replaced with an artificial one made of metal or plastic
Pacemaker- small device that sends steady electrical impulses to the heart to make it beat regularly
Bypass Surgery- a healthy vein taken from the patients leg or chest and used to detour around the blockage

31. Heart Disease
Definition: It is any condition that weakens the heart or blood vessels or interferes with the functions they perform.
Facts:
More adults in the US die from heart disease than any other cause.
Most diseases of the cardiovascular system take many years to develop.
Chances of developing heart disease depend partly on age and heredity, and partly on lifestyle behaviors.

32. Caring for your Circulatory System
Limit fat in your foods
Dietary fat can cause fatty deposits to form in the inner walls of arteries, narrowing them and increasing blood pressure, then your heart must work harder to circulate blood
Get regular physical activity
Regular activity strengthens your heart muscle, allowing it to pump more blood with each beat

33. Caring for your Circulatory System
Avoid tobacco
Tobacco products contain the drug nicotine which narrows arteries requiring blood pressure to be higher
Managing Stress
Under stress your body produces adrenaline, a substance that increases blood pressure

36. Clearing A Blocked Artery
Malaria in RBC’s

37. Clearing A Blocked Artery
Malaria in RBC’s

38. Malaria
Malaria in RBC’s