1. MITERRA-EUROPE Assessment of nitrogen flows in agriculture of EU-27
Oene Oenema, Jan Peter Lesschen & Gerard Velthof
Wageningen University & Research Centre
&
9 partners from 6 Member States

2. Outline Description of MITERRA-Europe Results Conclusions N emissions
NO3 concentrations
Conclusions

3. MITERRA-EUROPE
A tool for integrated assessment of N (C and P) emissions from agriculture in EU-27 at Member State and regional levels
Developed for the European Commission
Based on information from CAPRI and RAINS/GAINS
Simple/rapid model; uniform approach for EU-27
Scenario analysis

4. Understanding the cause-effect-benefit relationships
28/03/2017

5. Output of MITERRA-EUROPE
Nitrogen (P and C) balances
Ammonia, nitrous oxide, denitrification and methane emissions from animal housing, storage and soils
Nitrate leaching to groundwater and surface water
Effects of measures (policies) to mitigate ammonia and nitrate emissions
NEC, IPPC, Nitrate Directive, Water Framework Directive scenarios
Soil organic matter and C sequestration

6. Model concept for N; what comes in, must come out
N outputs: harvested crop
NH3 N2O NOX N2
Atmosphere
NH3 N2O NOX N2
Atmosphere
Crop production: - Crop type Cropped area Management
N inputs: N fertilizer BNF, N deposition
Animal production: - Animal species Animal number Management
manure
feed
N outputs: milk, meat, egg
NH4+ NO3- DON Npart
NH4+ NO3- DON Npart
Groundwater
& surface waters

7. Scales Spatial: Temporal 27 Member States year Nuts 2 level
Nitrate Vulnerable Zones
Country level
Temporal
year

8. Input data FAO, Eurostat Fertilizer (national), yields
CAPRI (Eurostat)
Crop types and areas
Distribution of animals over NUTS II
RAINS
Animal types, number and N excretion
Manure management system
JRC
Soil and meteorological data
NVZ maps
Alterra
N contents of crops
Crop residues
Grassland area and yields

9. Calculations Variabele Method
Fertilizer and manure distribution on Nuts 2 level
Distribution based on N demand, N input, crops
N and P surpluses
Soil surface balance (OECD approach)
Emission of NH3, N2O, NOx, CH4
Emission factors (~from RAINS)
Leaching and denitrification (N2):
Manure storage
Runoff
Large surface water
Groundwater and small surface water
Site specific leaching fractions

11. N leaching pathways Leaching from stored manure
Surface run-off from fields
Shallow leaching to surface waters
Leaching to below rooting zone

12. Site-specific leaching and surface-runoff fractions
Slope, land-use, precipitation surplus, depth to rock,
Application rate manure and fertilizer
Leaching fractions
Precipitations surplus, temperature, soil texture, land-use, rooting depth, soil organic C content,
Nitrogen surplus

14. N leaching to groundwater, kg ha-1 yr-1
Shallow N leaching to surface waters, kg ha-1 yr-1
Runoff of N, kg ha-1 yr-1
N leaching to groundwater, kg ha-1 yr-1

15. Nitrate concentration in shallow groundwater,
mg NO3 l-1

16. Ammonia emissions
kg N ha-1

17. Fate of N surplus (total N balance)

18. Results of policy scenarios
2020,
NH3 measures
Results of policy scenarios
28/03/2017
2020,
current trend
100%
NH3 emission
NO3 leaching
2020,
NO3 measures
N2O emission
2020,
NO3 measures,
low N feed
2020,
NO3 measures,
NH3 measures
50%
Schatting van implementatie zoals verwacht, geen volle implementatie (extra efforts)
Baseline

19. Conclusions
MITERRA-EUROPE applies a uniform and integrated approach for agriculture in EU-27
N balances on regional level
N leaching and gaseous N emissions
NO3 concentration in shallow groundwater
Scenario analyses
EU Agriculture

20. Developments; links of MITERRA with other models
RAINS/GAINS
CAPRI
CCAT tool (Cross Compliance Assessment Tool):
Eururalis  land use:
INTEGRATOR (Nitroeurope):

21. References http://www.scammonia.wur.nl/UK
Oenema, O., D. Oudendag and G.L.Velthof (2007)
Nutrient losses from manure management in the European Union.
Livestock Sciences 112, 261–272.
Velthof GL, D Oudendag, HP Witzke, WAH Asman, Z Klimont and O Oenema (2008) Assessment of nitrogen emissions in EU-27 using the integrated model MITERRA-EUROPE. Journal of Environmental Quality (in press).
Oenema, O., H.P. Witzke, Z. Klimont, J.P. Lesschen, and G.L. Velthof (2008)
Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27.
Agriculture Ecosystems and Environment (submitted)

22. 28/03/2017
Thank you!
© Wageningen UR

24. P balance on country level

25. Validation/test: NO3 leaching