1. The Power of the Church
Chapter 13
Section 5

2. Key Terms
Piety
Pontificate
Pope Gregory VII
Henry VI

3. Religion in the Middle Ages
Became powerful during Middle Ages
Religion touched every aspect
Baptism
Marriage
death
Marked by religious ceremonies

4. Religion in the Middle Ages
Monks were peacemakers
Prayed for rulers and armies
Helped to settle disputes
Church officials were teachers and record keepers

5. Religion in the Middle Ages
1000 influence increased dramatically
Piety-a persons level of religious devotion
Participation in religion increased

6. The Far Reaching Authority of The Church
God created two swords
One for religion
The other political
Pope should bow to emperor (political)
Emperor bow to pope (religious)
Church and rulers competed for power

7. Structure of the Church
Power based on status
The pope in Rome headed the church
All clergy under the pope
Clergy- included bishops and priests
Bishops supervised priests
Bishops settled disputes over Church teachings
Local priest is the main contact

8. Religion as a Unifying Force
Feudalism separated people
Shared beliefs brought them together
Church stable force during warfare
Provided Christians with a sense of security
Religion was center stage

9. Growth of Papal Power 1049 Leo IX thought clergy was corrupt
Simony- buying and selling of church offices
Replaced bishops guilty of this

10. Growth of Papal Power Bishops excommunicated
No greater punishment during the Middle Ages
Could not take part in the Eucharist
Could not be saved

11. Growth of Papal Power Leo’s reform brought him into conflict
Bishops thought that the pope could not tell them what to do
Pontificate-papal term in office

12. Growth of Papal Power
Leo excommunicated the patriarch of Constantinople
Church was split
Roman Catholics
Orthodox

13. Religion as a Unifying Force
Baptism- became part of the Christian Community
Village church unifying force
Religious and social center
People worshipped together
Holidays festive occasions

14. The Law of the Church Churches authority spiritual and political
Created a code of justice
All kings, peasants subject to canon law
Church law- marriages and religious practices

15. The Law of the Church Two of the harshest punishments were
Excommunication
Interdiction
Popes used excommunication a banishment from the church to yield power over political figures

16. The Law of the Church
King quarrels with a Pope the king would be denied salvation
Also freed all of his vassals from their duty
Interdiction- sacraments could not be performed on the kings land

17. The Law of the Church
People believe without the sacraments they are doomed
During 11 century these threat would force and emperor to submit to the popes commands

18. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Lay investiture-ceremony in which kings and nobles appoint church officials
Who ever controlled lay investiture held the real power
Church reformers felt the king should not have this power

19. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
1075 Pope Gregory banned lay investitures
Henry IV called a meeting of the bishops he appointed
Emperor ordered Gregory to step down
Gregory excommunicated Henry

20. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
German bishops sided with the Pope
To save his throne Henry begged forgiveness
1077 Henry crosses the alps to Canossa
Gregory was a guest there

21. The Emperor Clashes with the Pope
Stood in bare feet in the snow
Pope was obliged to forgive him
Henry spent three days in the snow

22. Changes in Monasticism
Monasteries founded all over Europe
New Monastery in Cluny
Chose their own abbot to avoid corruption

23. Changes in Monasticism
Cluny most influential monastery in Europe
Some monks lived under even stricter rules

24. Changes in Monasticism
Cistercian- broad estates built outside of town
Ensured isolation
Undecorated
Unheated
Prayer and labor
Other groups would even be stricter