1. Non – Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms
Plants & Botany
Non – Vascular Plants, Gymnosperms & Angiosperms

2. Plants Domain: Eukarya Kingdom: Plantae What do we already know?
Eukaryotic
Autotrophic – photosynthetic
Multicellular
Have Chloroplasts
Cell walls made of carbohydrate cellulose

3. Classification of Plants

4. Two Major Categories
Non - Vascular Plants
Vascular Plants

5. Non – Vascular Plants Smaller Plants
No tube systems for transporting materials
Live close to water to absorb nutrients by diffusion
NO roots, stems, or leaves!!!
EX: Mosses, Liverworts
Where do you think these are in terms of evolution?

6. Vascular Plants
Have tube-like cells to transport water, food, & minerals (similar to our veins!)
Usually Larger
Can live farther from water b/c they don’t rely on diffusion
Phloem – tubes that move the food (sugar) DOWN from the food producing leaves
Xylem – tubes that move water & minerals UP from the soil
Two Types – Angiosperms & Gymnosperms

7. http://images. google. com/imgres. imgurl=http://universe-review

8. Adaptations for life on land
Seed = embryo and food supply protected by a covering
- prevents drying out, and helps seed dispersion
Waxy Cuticle – prevents water loss (transpiration)
Source:
Source:

9. Adaptations continued…
Spores – reproductive cell or gamete protected by a covering
Stomata – pores in leaves that open and close for gas exchange (respiration!)
Roots
Stems
Leaves – help absorb light for photosynthesis. (food energy!!) BIGGER = more photosynthesis
Source:

10. Stomata Gas Exchange – Oxygen and water out, Carbon Dioxide in
Controlled by guard cells

11. Adaptations continued…
Source:
Roots
- Anchor Plant
- Absorb water and minerals
- Store starch and become food
Stems
- Transport materials
- Support
- Vascular System

12. Adaptations Cont… Leaves
Flat, thin organ for photosynthesis
High surface area

13. Vascular Plants Gymnosperms NAKED seeds Angiosperms
Flowering Plants – Coated Seeds
Source:

14. Gymnosperms Usually Conifers (Evergreen or Pine Trees)
Make pine cones as the naked seeds for reproduction
Wind Pollinated from male cone pollen to female cone
Fertilized gamete (zygote) develops into an an embryo and is dropped to the ground

15. Angiosperms – Flowering Plants
Pollen produced in anther
Where eggs are produced

16. Stamen (male) Anther – makes pollen grains.
When the grains are fully grown, the anther splits open to drop the pollen

17. Pistil (female) Stigma (sticky) Style Ovary (holds the ovules)
Ovules (eggs)

18. Pollination
Flowering plants use wind, insects, bats, birds, and mammals to transfer pollen from the male (stamen) part of the flower to the female (stigma) part of the flower
Pollen is plant SPERM flying through the air!

19. Pollination
When the insect visits another flower of the same type, the pollen will stick to the stigma.
This is called pollination.

20. Co-evolution of bees & flowers Mutual evolutionary influence
Flowering Plants – Angiosperms
Need pollination
Bees
Use pollen and nectar as a food source

21. Fertilization
The pollen travels to the ovary, where it joins with an ovule.
This is called fertilization.