1. KENYA International Training Course on Tropical Cyclone: 5 th – 16 th Dec. 2011, WMO Regional Training Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China Ismael M. Lutta mulama@meteo.go.ke Meteorologist Kenya Meteorological Department Kenya

2. OUTLINE  Introduction  Climate of Kenya  Infrastructure  Cities  Tourism  Agriculture  Kenya Meteorological Dept.  Tropical Cyclones

3. KENYA Area: Approx. 582650 km 2, 47 Counties & 42 tribes Capital City : Nairobi Pop: Approx. 40M Religion: Majority are Christians Features: Lakes, Mountains, Rivers Political: Democratic Economic: Mainly (1) agriculture. (2) Tourism (3) established financial & educational institutions (4) Manufacturing

4. KENYA CLIMATE curtsey of commopress.blogspot.com Bi-modal Rainfall Pattern Kenya receives an annual average rainfall of 790mm

5. INFRASTRUCTURE

6. KENYAN CITIES

7. KENYAN TOURISM

8. …Cont

9. AGRICULTURE

11. KENYA OBSERVATORIES

12. CLIMATE SYSTEM  Tropical climate-Hot and humid at the coast, temperate inland. Average temperatures 20-30 0 C.  Northern parts semi arid while the rest of the country receives approximately 1000mm of rainfall per year. Two rainy seasons (MAM and OND)  Controlling systems: subtropical highs, Congo forest, local  relief (lakes) and the oceans

13. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE Service Department headed by :  Director  4 Deputy Directors.  9 Senior Assistant directors  39 Assistant Directors  The rest of officers include Meteorologists, Met technologist, engineers and other support staff totalling to about 600  Organization and structures  Observational networks  Derived from Strategic plan

14. STRATEGIC VISION, MISSION Vision To be the leading world-class Operational Forecasting Centre and Scientific Institution contributing to high quality of life. Mission To provide and facilitate accessible Meteorological Information and Services and infusion of Scientific Knowledge to spur social-economic growth and development.

15. OBJECTIVES  To improve monitoring of meteorological elements and atmospheric pollution; and detection of climate change  To provide more accurate and timely meteorological information and services;  Transform KMD into a Semi-Autonomous Government Agency (SAGA)  Enhance Human Capital  Improve awareness among users of meteorological information and services for enhanced applications  Enhance Research for Development

16. … con t’d  Relocate KMD Hqs and TX station to the new site at Ngong to create space for expansion of WMO-RTC.  Upgrade the WMO Regional Training Centre (RTC)-Nairobi  Establish a Regional Meteorological Research Centre (RMRC)

17. CHALLENGES  Inadequate observational network  Poor communication, dissemination and processing systems  Underfunding by the government  Rapid changes in technology  Lack of incentives for research and development  Succession management problems

18. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS Weaknesses The Weaknesses that the Department experiences that impact negatively on efficiency and effective service delivery include:  Underfunding to the Department;  Poor succession management due to embargo on recruitment;  Inadequate meteorological facilities and equipment;  Inadequate physical facilities;  Lack of sufficient space for expansion of Meteorological Infrastructure at the Hqs;  Poor perception of meteorological services at all levels;  Lack of Quality Assurance;.  Lack of legal and institutional Framework;  Lack of incentives for Research and Development

19. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS cont… Threats  Rapid changes in technologies a) Meteorological instruments and equipment development b) ICT c) Uncontrolled dissemination of meteorological information by institutions  Slow pace of transformation to a SAGA  Emerging competitors in the provision of meteorological services

20. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS cont…  Impacts of HIV/AIDS, Malaria pandemic and other diseases on customers; and staff  Government policy that imposes a levy on staff that are on training for more than 28 days;  Poor remuneration;  Interference of transmission signals through construction of buildings around the transmitting station at Industrial Area site;  Loss of meteorological station land to private developers;  Vandalism on meteorological installations; and  Gender imbalance.

21. Tropical Cyclones The socio-economic impact of tropical cyclones is considerable. The assessment of climate change effects on tropical cyclones is necessary, both in terms of occurrences and tracks. Cyclone activity may be affected by the changes in SST. For instance, ENSO is known to influence TCs frequency in different ocean basins. The impacts of long-term SST trends on the cyclone frequency in each ocean basin need to be documented.

22. TROPICAL CYCLONE MONITERING TOOLS

23. MONITORING, DETECTION & FORECASTING OF TCs

24. HRM MODEL USED IN FORECASTING

25. WAY FORWARD 1)Expansion and modernization of the existing observational network. 2)Improvement and modernization of telecommunication, processing and archival of data and forecasting and dissemination of weather products 3)Fast-track the privatisation process 4)Recruitment of new staff

26. END THANK YOU, AHSANTENI, XIEXIE