1. Public Health Services A Shared Service of Cape Breton District Health Authority (CBDHA) & Guysborough Antigonish Strait Health Authority (GASHA)

2. Brochure

3. Learning Objectives  Identify sources of lead  Discuss health effects of lead  Review actions for reducing exposures to lead

4. Lead Sources  Naturally occurring  Blue – gray metal  Used in  Batteries  Bullets  Solder and lead pipes  Ceramic glazes and lead crystal  Medical, scientific and military equipment  Devices that block X-rays

5. Lead and the Environment  Air – from burning coal and oil, lead smelters, burning solid wastes  Drinking water, from lead pipes, and solder  Rivers, lakes, and oceans contaminated by industry wastes, sewage or air

6. Lead and the Environment  Dust and soil, especially in old urban areas with lead paint and around landfills  Food – builds up in the food chain  Paint – banned in 1978 but still around

7. How Are We Exposed Ingestion (1) Foods that may contain lead  Fruits  Vegetables  Meats  Grains  Seafood  Soft drinks  Wine

8. How Are We Exposed Ingestion (2) Drinking or cooking with water that contains lead, lead dust from paint, or soil contaminated with lead Hand – to – mouth Playing activities Trinkets and toys made outside Canada Paint chips Water Children

9. How Are We Exposed Inhalation  Dust from lead or soil  Cigarette smoke  Candles with lead core wicks

10. Lead and Your Health  Nausea  Abdominal pain  Vomiting  Headache  Muscle weakness & muscle pain  Behavior problems  Insomnia  Memory loss  Impotence In severe cases  Brain and or kidney damage  Coma  Convulsions  Death

11. Children’s Special Concerns Children are more vulnerable to the effects of lead for several reasons :  Have a higher adsorption rate from GI tract, particularly if they are iron deficient  Exposed in womb and through breast milk in addition to food and water  Play in the dirt, are lower to the ground, perform hand – to – mouth activities

12. Effects on Children  Low birth weight  Growth delays  Mental delays  Learning disabilities  Muscle weakness  Stomach cramps  Anemia  Kidney & brain damage

13. Measuring Exposure in the Body Blood lead level can be tested (talk to your doctor)

14. How to Reduce Risk From Lead – Based Paint  Have home tested for lead, especially if built before 1978  Use proper protective equipment during renovations  Wash hands frequently, especially before eating  Ensure proper nutrition to counteract the effect of lead exposure  Control dust in house, use a Hepa filter vacuum

15. How to Reduce risk From Contaminated Soil  Wash hands frequently, especially before eating  Do not eat, drink, or smoke while working outside  Wash vegetables thoroughly if grown in soil with high lead levels  Control dust in your home  Vacuum, wet mop and dust with a damp cloth  Eat a balanced diet  Cover bare soil in your yard with grass or plants  Take shoes off at the door

16. How to Reduce Risk From Contaminated Water  Have well-water tested for lead  Run water 15 – 30 seconds if you have lead pipes or lead solder  Do not use hot water from the tap  Do not pour products that contain lead or chemicals down the drain or in sewer

17. How to Reduce Risk From Exposure at Work  Use proper protective equipment to prevent exposure to lead dust If exposed at work :  Shower and change at work  Keep work clothes separate

18. Centers for Disease Control (Policy)  Recommended blood lead testing for all children under 2  Blood lead level over 10 mcg/dl requires action Actions include  Risk assessment to determine source of exposure  Follow up of elevated BLL’s

19. Resources  ATSDR ToxFAQ’s www.atsdr.cdc.gov/tfacts13.pdf  Health Canada www.hc-gc.ca

20. In Review  What is lead and how are we exposed to it  How does lead affect health  How can we reduce our exposure to lead