1. Macromolecules Re-test Review LSHS Science Department YM 2010

2. Hypothesis

3. Hypothesis A testable, possible explanation of an observation

4. Theory

5. Theory a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations. (Ex: Theory of Plate Tectonics, Evolution, Cell Theory, Germ Theory, etc.)

6. What is a variable?

7. factors that may affect an experiment

8. Why are variables an important part of an experiment?

9. Because they are important to test the affect of changing only one variable in order to get accurate results

10. Controlled Experiment

11. Factors that the scientists keep the same in the experiment

12. What is a control?

13. a set of conditions used for comparison purposes

14. Why are controls an important part of an experiment?

15. So we can compare results to see if the experiment worked

16. Explain some possible reasons for inconsistent results in an experiment……

17. *didn’t: -record data correctly -make good observations -add correct chemicals

18. GRAPH 1: Analyze the graph below. Explain the data in the graph in complete sentences.

19. As more oxygen is made, the amount of enzyme, Catalase, increases

20. GRAPH 2: Analyze the graph below. Explain the data in the graph in complete sentences. A researcher investigated two groups of Drosophila (fruit flies). Population A was kept in a 0.5-L container. Population B was kept in a 1-L container.

21. 1. At day 48, there were 150 flies in Group A and 400 flies in Group B. 2. There were more flies in Group B because they had more space to reroduce.

22. MACROMOLECULES Organic

23. Has the element Carbon

24. MACROMOLECULES Monomer

25. Small, simple units

26. MACROMOLECULES Polymer

27. Larger units made of monomers

28. MACROMOLECULES Polymerization

29. Process of creating large, macromolecules

30. MACROMOLECULES Macromolecule

31. MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules “giant molecules”

32. NUCLEIC ACIDS

33. Monomer: Nucleotide (phosphate, sugar & nitrogen base) Polymer: Nucleic Acid Function: Store and transmit genetic information Examples: DNA & RNA

34. CARBOHYDRATES

35. CARBOHYDRATES Monomer: Monosaccharide Polymer: Polysaccharides Function: Main source of energy in living things. Examples:Sugars & Starches

36. In the presence of a MONOSACCHARIDE and HEAT, it changes from BLUE to RED/ORANGE. Benedict’s solution.

37. In the presence of a starch, it changes from BROWN to BLUISH/BLACK. Lugol’s Iodine solution.

38. LIPIDS

39. LIPIDS Monomer: 3 fatty-acids and 1 glycerol head Polymer: Lipids Function: Waterproof coverings of cells, can be used for long-term energy storage. Examples: Fats, oils, waxes & steroids 1-Glycerol Head 3-Fatty Acid Tails

40. PROTEINS

41. PROTEINS Monomer: Amino Acids Polymer: Protein Function: Form muscles & bones, transport substances and control the rate of reactions in the body. Examples: Hair, nails and enzymes

42. ENZYMES Activation Energy

43. The energy needed to start a chemical reaction.

44. ENZYMES Catalyst

45. C hemicals that can speed up a chemical reaction.

46. ENZYMES Enzyme

47. Special types of proteins

48. ENZYMES Explain the process of how an enzyme works:

49. A biological catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy

50. ENZYMES What are the 4 factors that affect enzyme function:

51. 1. Change in temperature 2. Change in pH 3. Denaturation 4. Substrate Concentration

52. ENZYMES What happens if ANY of these conditions are altered?

53. The enzyme will slow down or not even work

54. What does “denature” mean?

55. The proteins’ natural structure is permanently changed.

56. What would be the approximate pH in your stomach?

57. 2