1. A LOOK AT FREYTAG’S PYRAMID AND VARIOUS TECHNIQUES EMPLOYED IN FICTION Intro to Fiction

2. All the Stuff that Happens… PLOT refers to the events that take place in a story. The plot is set in motion by conflicts either between characters or internally within a character. The plot of a story is measured by what is known as Freytag’s Pyramid.

3. FREYTAG’S PYRAMID The exposition is the introduction to the characters. This is a crucial time in the plot because it makes or breaks the story. The inciting incident or conflict is when the main problem of the story is introduced. The rising action is the building up of the conflict. The rising action is usually the bulk of a story. The climax is the big moment or turning point of the story. The falling action or denouement is the action after the climax that leads to the resolution. The resolution is when the conflict or inciting incident is resolved.

4. And This Plot Is Starring… CHARACTERS are the stars of the story. Main characters are the ones in the center of the action. Characters who are not as prominent but sometimes just as important are called minor characters. The development of the characters is called a characterization.

5. DYNAMIC CHARACTERS STATIC CHARACTERS Dynamic characters change and grow during some part of the story. These are generally the main characters. Static characters remain the same throughout the story. These are generally minor characters, but sometimes a character is static to show either in contrast to the constant change of the dynamic characters or as a solid role model for the main character. Types of Characters

6. A Dark and Stormy Night Indeed… SETTING is the time and place the events of a story occur. The setting is important because oftentimes the time and place have a huge impact on how the events of a story unfold.

7. Finding the theme… THEME is the central idea or message of a work of literature. Themes are generally universal ideas or morals that can be applied to any story. Themes are very seldom stated directly; rather, the reader must infer the theme from the information read.

8. Who’s Talking Here, Anyway? POINT OF VIEW is the relationship between the narrator and what’s going on in the story. There are three main types of P.O.V. in literature:  First Person means the story is told by a character in it and the pronoun “I” is used frequently.  Third Person Limited means a narrator is telling the story as one character perceives it.  Third Person Omniscient means a narrator who knows all the characters thoughts and feelings is telling the story.

9. Another Look at Freytag’s Pyramid Let’s consider Freytag’s Pyramid and a book read this summer:  The Hunger Games  What is the exposition?  What is the main conflict and when is it introduced?  When does the rising action occur?  What is the climax of the story?  What is the falling action?  How is the conflict resolved? Is it resolved at all?

10. Now try it on your own… Think of a movie or book that you enjoy. On a scrap piece of paper, describe the plot and characters of the work using Freytag’s Pyramid as a model.

11. Exposition We are introduced to this ogre named Shrek who loves his swampy home and his privacy. Shrek seems likeable enough to the audience, with his “bubbly” mud baths, but it is obvious the people of the nearby town do not like him. He could not care less, he just loves life!

12. The Conflict Shrek’s paradise of solitude in the swamp is destroyed by the unwelcome relocation of all sorts of fairytale creatures to his yard, one of which is Donkey, who vows to help Shrek get to Duloc to be granted his land by the evil Lord Farquaad.

13. Rising Action Lord Farquaad tells Shrek he must rescue a princess for the Lord, a princess that is locked in a tower guarded by a dragon. Shrek does this, and journeys back home with Donkey and the princess Fiona in hopes of having his home returned back to its peaceful state.

14. Still Rising Action, and New Conflict! As a result of his saving her and their ample time spent together, Shrek and Fiona fall in love. However, she has withheld a secret from him that changes their lives forever.

15. The Climax Shrek finds out Fiona’s secret that she is actually an ogre on the day she is to wed Lord Farquaad. This changes everything; they will be allowed to be together now!

16. Falling Action or Denouement Lord Farquaad is defeated by Shrek and Donkey and a companion they have picked up along the way, Dragon, and Shrek and Fiona are left to live happily ever after…

17. Resolution …which they do!