1. LANL Nuclear Physics Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Physics Programs Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Physics Programs Mike Leitch Physics Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory

2. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Outline Personal, activities, collaborators Physics highlights – dAu & AA J/  ’s – 1 st Upsilons at RHIC – J/  spin asymmetry in polarized p+p – Hadron correlations – CMS/LHC gamma-jet studies Technical accomplishments – Muon tracker operations – Forward Silicon Vertex detector upgrade Future goals Budget

3. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Current Personnel Physics Analysis Brooks, Butsyk(PD), Camacho(PD), Constantin(PD), Kunde, Lee, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, Miranov(PD), Purwar(PD), van Hecke Forward Silicon Vertex Upgrade* add Kapustinsky, Sondheim, Boissevain CMS Heavy Ion* Constantin(PD), Kunde, Miranov(PD) Theory Ivan Vitev(Oppenheimer PD)* * with LDRD support

4. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Major Collaborators Muon Spectrometers in PHENIX LANL, ORNL, Ecole Polytechnique,Saclay, Riken, Kyoto, Korean Universities, University of Colorado, UNM, NMSU Forward Si Vertex (FVTX) PHENIX upgrade LANL, BNL, Charles University(Prague), Columbia, FNAL, HYTEC, Inc. Iowa State University, New Mexico State University University of New Mexico

5. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program PHENIX Activities Physics working groups: all, Brooks (heavy-quark physics convener & speakers bureau) Paper writing: Brooks, Constantin, Kunde, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, Purwar Internal paper review committee: Lee, Leitch, McGaughey, van Hecke Muon Tracking operations & repairs: Leitch, Butsyk, Lee, Liu, Sondheim, Purwar… Period coordinator: Leitch (run03,04,05,06) FVTX Upgrade proposal: Brooks, Kunde, Lee, Leitch, Liu, McGaughey, van Hecke Integration & Engineering: Sondheim, Boissevain Detector Council Members: van Hecke(past MVD), Brooks(past muon), Leitch(past muon),McGaughey (past muon) Subsystem manager: Lee (muon mechanical) Executive Council: Leitch (past) PHENIX Physics Impact Panel for QM05 – Leitch Convenor of RHIC II pA/Forward physics group – Leitch NSAC Heavy Ion Review: Barnes

6. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program PHENIX Activities Organized Annual Muon Workshop in Santa Fe in June, 3 days including invited theory talks 2003, 2004, 2005 ~50+ attendees Organized Muon Software Workshop in BNL February 2005 Organized FVTX workshop at LANL on triggering PANIC organizing Committees and operations + LHC Panic satellite workshop APS Hadron Physics Topical Group Executive Committee - Leitch Host for students, postdocs, staff from elsewhere for physics analysis: NMSU - Xiaorong Wang, Han Liu, Hisham Al-Bathaineh (in residence with LANL group) Korea U. & Yonsei - Minjung Kweon, Woojin Park, DongJo Kim, MinKung Lee, BeomSu Chang Saclay - Hugo Pereria; UNM - Imran Younis; UCR - Vasili Dzhordzhadze UIC - Miroslav Mihaylov; NMSU -Alberto Canabal-Rey Many former postdocs or staff now contributing elsewhere – John Sullivan, Jane Burward-Hoy, Ben Norman (LANL); David Silvermyr (ORNL); Rusty Towell (ACU); Paul Reimer (ANL); Shekhar Mishra (FNAL) to name a few.

7. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Applications & Spinoffs Muon Radiography Front End Preamplifier: Using analog electronics expertise developed for the PHENIX muon spectrometer, we designed a preamplifier circuit for the Muon Radiography program at LANL. This low noise, differential output amplifier solved a crosstalk problem in their front-end circuitry, as well as providing reduced detection threshold in their drift tubes. 128 channels have been installed and are performing well. Hundreds more channels are either under construction or planned for the near future. Low Cost Radiation Monitor for Remote Borders: Based upon our experience with scintillation detectors and low noise electronics, we wrote a proposal to DNDO/DHS for the development of a low cost gamma-ray and neutron detection system which could instrument long sections of the US border. The detector would consist of long tubes of liquid scintillator, whose light would be detected using vacuum photo-diodes and processed with low-noise current integrators. $600K of first year funding was requested, with a decision expected in early spring of 2006.

8. LANL Nuclear Physics LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Spin Physics at RHIC with Muons 1 st measurement of single- spin asymmetry for J/  in polarized p+p (M. Liu) Only LANL is working on spin measurements with muons

9. LANL Nuclear Physics CNM calculations with weak shadowing and absorption – need more precise dAu data. AA suppression is somewhat stronger than CNM calculations predict 0 mb 5 mb 1 mb 3 mb R. Vogt CNM calcs. Low x 2 ~ 0.003 (shadowing region) Also developing case for RHIC-II dA physics 200 GeV d+Au  J/  LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Cold Nuclear Matter (CNM) Suppression of J/  (1st RHIC dAu J/  PRL - Leitch)

10. LANL Nuclear Physics 1 st Upsilons at RHIC from ~3pb -1 2005 p+p (Leitch, Butsyk) 1 st comprehensive AA J/  results from RHIC! (Brooks and many others) regeneration compensates for QGP screening OR sequential screening – the J/  never dissolved (as recent recent lattice-QCD calculations suggest) screening regeneration total LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Regeneration or Screening – That is the Question?

11. LANL Nuclear Physics  Trigger on one leading hadron, and look for associated particles, “near” and “away”  Is jet production modified in medium? Yes -- Away-side shape modification:  broadening - pp, dAu, peripheral AuAu  splitting - central and mid-central AuAu (and not more broadening) AuAu 0-10% centrality AuAu 30-40% centrality AuAu 60-92% centrality p-p d-Au Δφ [rad] PHENIX Preliminary DD Dijet event in a hot QCD medium p Trigger = 2-3 GeV p Associated = 1-2 GeV LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Interaction of Hadronic Dijets with the QGP Splitting of away-side jets (Constantin)

12. LANL Nuclear Physics       h pair ** l+l+ L-L- q q g q*q* ss   jet In-medium fragmentation functions D q  h (z,Q 2 ) via Virtual-photon/Z0 tagged jet Could give 1st direct measurement of energy-loss Virtual   μμ avoids π 0 backgrounds CMS Simulation Large CMS Acceptance is Crucial G.J.Kunde P.Constantin M.Mihaylov C.Mironov LANL-LDRD-ER FY06- 08 Other LHC interests: Quarkonia and pA collisions in the small-x gluon saturation region LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program LANL in CMS at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) (Kunde, Constantin, Mironov, Mihaylov)

13. LANL Nuclear Physics Au Continuing operations and repairs of muon tracking systems lead along with Ecole Polytechnique LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program The PHENIX Muon Spectrometers

14. LANL Nuclear Physics Enable a complete onia + open-heavy flavor physics picture open-charm constraints on J/  regeneration consistent gluon saturation picture from onia and charm/beauty gluon polarization via charm & beauty over broad x range Identification of forward/backward detached vertices: B  J/  X & B,D  μ at large p T rejection of π & K decays to clean single & pair spectra improved J/ ,  ’ mass resolution/separation Proposal: https://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/publish/leitch/fvtx/fvtx_xx.doc Detector/project synopsis (Manager M. Brooks): <200μm z vtx resolution; <1.5% central AuAu occupancy 4 mini-strip silicon umbrellas in front of each muon arm fast trigger to enrich & enable timely physics $4.5M cost with completion target end FY10 LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Forward Silicon Vertex (FVTX) Upgrade Proposal (will be sent to DOE before March retreat)

15. LANL Nuclear Physics Continue to examine the suppression/enhancement of J/  production in A+A collisions in the light of cold nuclear matter effects from d+Au and various theoretical pictures. Prepare & push for new Au+Au and d+Au runs to obtain more precise data to allow disentangling the physics of J/  suppression in both d+A and A+A. Extract open charm production in Au+Au collisions via single muons to help disentangle J/  suppression due to the QGP and small-x physics from nuclear medium effects. Study spin physics measurements (gluon polarization via J/  and open charm asymmetry measurements) in polarized p-p collisions & look for 1 st W’s in run6 500 GeV pp run. Submit proposal for forward silicon vertex detector upgrade and continue R+D towards a 1 st prototype and the full detector. Continue the process of establishing a role in the LHC heavy ion program with study of gamma-jet correlations & p+A onia physics. LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Research Goals, FY06 and beyond

16. LANL Nuclear Physics Spin physics from muons at RHIC is now coming and LANL is largely alone in leading this effort need to add a new young energetic physicist to help Liu and LANL push this physics LANL leading major new effort for FVTX upgrade to PHENIX we cannot shut down our physics efforts while we do this like largely happened during the muon tracker construction! need to maintain strong physics while building FVTX Lee probably retiring or phasing out over next few years need replacement with superb detector and management skills in order to assure success in the FVTX project LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Summary of Strategy for Staffing and Effort

17. LANL Nuclear Physics YearFY06FY07FY08 presidents-5%flat+3.5%proposed KB02+KB01$2132+896k$2320+1100k 2204+10452320+11002401+11392552+1210 Budget$3028k$3420k$3249k$3420k$3540k$3762k FTE5.8+3.2PD6.8+3.2PD5.8+3.2PD6.8+3.2PD7.1+3.2PD7.5+3.2PD J/ ,  p+p,d+A,A+A subcritical AuAu goodsubcriticalmarginalgood single-μ c,b quarks too thingoodsubcriticalmarginalgood gluon polarization good for beginning goodsubcriticalmarginalgood fully engaged jet correlations small effort FVTX Major new effort CMS/LHCLDRDadd pA? no new staff M&S tight maintain physics & FVTX robust FVTX + more LHC LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Resource Distribution & Comments – FY08

18. LANL Nuclear Physics ActivityFY06FY07 KB01KB02KB01 KB02 J/ ,  - p+p,d+A,A+A 0.8 + 0.5 PD0.5 + 0.5 PD1 + 0.5 PD0.7 + 0.5 PD single-μ - c,b quarks0.8 + 0.5 PD1 + 0.5 PD gluon polarization0.9 + 0.5 PD1.3 + 0.5 PD jet correlations0.25 + 0.5 PD FVTX0.22.35 + 0.75 PD0.22.35 + 0.75 PD CMS/LHCLDRD KB01 or KB021.9 + 1 PD3.9 + 2.2 PD2.5 + 1 PD4.3 + 2.2 PD total5.8 + 3.2 PD6.8 + 3.2 PD With LDRD for FVTX also LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Resource Distribution & approximate KB01, KB02 FTE Breakdown

19. LANL Nuclear Physics Spin physics from muons at RHIC is now coming and LANL is largely alone in leading this effort need to add a new young energetic physicist to help Liu and LANL push this physics LANL leading major new effort for FVTX upgrade to PHENIX we cannot shut down our physics efforts while we do this like largely happened during the muon tracker construction! need to maintain strong physics while building FVTX Lee probably retiring or phasing out over next few years need replacement with superb detector and management skills in order to assure success in the FVTX project LANL Heavy Ion, Cold Nuclear Matter & Spin Program Summary of Strategy for Staffing and Effort

20. LANL Nuclear Physics BACKUP SLIDES

21. LANL Nuclear Physics FYFY08FY09FY10FY11FY12 KB01+KB021210+25521295+27311385+29221482+31261586+3345 +FTE+1.75+2.25+2.75+3.5+4.25 evolutionRobust HI, CNM, Spin + FVTX, some LHC Ramp up Spin, LHC Add J-PARC? Out-year Plan for “proposed” (+10%/yr) Scenario loss of present LDRD projects (DR & ER) after FY08 unlikely to get new DR but ER(s) possible, e.g. for J-PARC or E906/FNAL construction funding for FVTX HOPEFULLY will start flowing in FY08 in out years proposed funding levels, besides giving robust heavy-ion, cold nuclear matter, and spin program at RHIC; could allow: substantial program at LHC (heavy ions and pA) J-PARC or E906 program started through LDRD-ER

22. LANL Nuclear Physics Heavy Quarks as a Probe of a New State of Matter Principal Investigators: Patrick McGaughey, Emil Mottola Additional Investigators: Melynda Brooks, Rajan Gupta, Gerd Kunde, David Lee, Ivan Vitev, Abstract Intriguing evidence that a new state of matter, the quark-gluon plasma (QGP), is formed in collisions of ultra-relativistic heavy ions has been presented during the past year by physicists working at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at Brookhaven National Laboratory. We propose to develop a unique capability at RHIC for the direct identification of heavy quarks which will be used to accurately determine the properties of this new state of matter produced in central collisions,. We will construct a Silicon micro-vertex detector (SVD) covering the forward collision region, which will provide the world’s best determination of heavy quarks in the high multiplicity environment of nuclear collisions. We will develop novel theoretical and computational tools to model and interpret the data, with the goal of establishing the nature of the strongly interacting non-equilibrium plasma. Los Alamos RHIC Program LDRD-DR Proposal

23. LANL Nuclear Physics There are strong indications that a new state of matter is produced in heavy ion collisions at relativistic energies. It is called the Quark Gluon Plasma and appears to have the properties of a nearly ideal liquid. Current plasma probes include jets, which are well understood from elementary collisions. Analysis of jets inserted into the medium created by heavy ion collisions contributes to the claim of producing the Quark Gluon Plasma. However, these jet studies have thus far been limited to studying only the leading charged hadrons, which strongly couple to the medium. This approach entails several complications, e.g. not even the initial energy of the jet is known, but rather it has to be inferred from models. The qualitative new approach proposed in this ER is the study of jets tagged by lepton pairs. The lepton pair does not strongly interact and escapes the collision undisturbed while the opposite side jet passes through the quark gluon matter that is produced. The recoiling lepton pair will carry information about the kinematical features of the jet, and will thus be the first ever direct measurement that isolates in-medium effects such as jet energy loss and fragmentation function modification. We propose joining the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment at the LHC (Large Hadron Collider) at CERN - the only place that this physics can be done. The result of this ER will be a complete study of the proposed jet-tagging via simulations and the analysis of the first real LHC nucleus-nucleus data in 2008. The physics result obtained will be the first direct measurement of the plasma opacity. LANL LDRD-ER, “A New Probe for the Quark Gluon Plasma” Kunde, Constantin, (Norman), Mihaylov, Mironov

24. LANL Nuclear Physics Proposal for a Forward Silicon Vertex Tracker (FVTX) for the PHENIX Experiment K.A. Drees, R. Pak Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton NY USA M. Finger, M. Finger Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic J. Klaus Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic P. Mikes, J. Popule, L. Tomasek, M. Tomasek, V. Vrba Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic B. Cole, E. Mannel, D. Winter, W. Zajc Columbia University, NewYork, NY J.C. Hill, J.G. Lajoie, C.A. Ogilvie, A. Lebedev, H. Pei, G.Skank, A. Semenov, G. Sleege, F. Wei Iowa State University, Ames, IA 56011, USA N. Saito, M. Togawa, M. Wagner Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan J.G. Boissevain, M.L. Brooks, S. Butsyk, H.W. van Hecke, J. Kapustinsky, G.J. Kunde, D.M. Lee, M.J. Leitch, M.X. Liu, P.L. McGaughey, A.K. Purwar, W.E. Sondheim Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA Hisham Albataineh, G. Kyle, H. Liu, S. Pate, X.R. Wang New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA B. Bassalleck, D.E. Fields, M. Hoeferkamp, M. Malik, J. Turner University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Also Interested – ANL, Ecole Poly, FSU, Korea U., Saclay, Yonsei https://www.phenix.bnl.gov/phenix/WWW/publish/leitch/fvtx/fvtx_9feb06.doc

25. LANL Nuclear Physics Cost –R&D - $360k LANL + $495k BNL –Construction - $3.56M + 27% contingency  $4.52M –LANL/LDRD prototype - $1.25M/yr for 3 yrs (including theory and includes $360k above R&D) Schedule –Installed & commissioning by end FY10 –Construction start October 2007 (FY08) –R&D start January 2006 Proposal schedule –PHENIX review Dec. 2005 –BNL review ~ Jan 2005 March 2006 –Submit to DOE for FY08 budget planning ~March 2006 FVTX Cost & Schedule Summary

26. LANL Nuclear Physics FVTX Funding Profile

27. LANL Nuclear Physics Baseline: Lead-Lead collisions –“Early Pb Scheme” – much easier to achieve – for 2008 (and 2009?) Allows study of performance limitations. –“Nominal Pb Scheme” by 2009 (or 2010?) Pb-Pb is perceived as posing the most difficult accelerator physics problems Future “upgrades” not in Baseline: –p-Pb collisions under study Effects of revolution frequency difference at injection expected to be much weaker than at RHIC –lighter ion-ion collisions (e.g. Ca, Ar, O, …) appear possible without major upgrades, to be studied. from talk at PANIC05 Heavy-Ion LHC satellite meeting presented by Bolek Wyslouch Heavy Ion Collisions - LHC Planning

28. LANL Nuclear Physics Nucleon Sea Asymmetry & Parton Energy Loss at JPARC? (descendent of E866/NuSea at FNAL) DRAFT LOI

29. LANL Nuclear Physics 1 st measurement nuclear dependence in d+A of forward prompt (charm & beauty) muons at RHIC. Suppression at large rapidity (small-x shadowing region) and enhancement at negative rapidity. (M. Liu, X-R Wang) Heavy Quarks with Single Muons

30. LANL Nuclear Physics Azimuthal asymmetry v2 (elliptic flow) as function of pseudo rapidity & centrality for minimum bias A-A collisions at 200 GeV. The measurement from run4 with the MVD pad detectors is colored in magenta; the FVTX will cover the same range in pseudo rapidity. (The MVD is now removed, but the FVTX is, hopefully, coming.) [Norman, Kunde, van Hecke] Flow with the MVD & anticipation of forward silicon upgrade

31. LANL Nuclear Physics World’s fastest chips (840 Mbit/sec), 0.25um CMOS, developed by FNAL. Hits are read out in real-time  direct triggering. Lowest power per pixel and lowest noise (90 uW, 220e - ). Large channel count per chip (up to 2816). Our vertex detector is first to use this new technology. Prototypes being tested at LANL and FNAL. Prototype Si Strip Detector FPIX Readout Chip FVTX – Working in the lab with the FPIX Readout & 2 Sensors