1. What is Environmental Science?
Study of the impact of humans on the environment.
3 main focuses
Conservation and protection of natural resources
Environmental education and communication
Environmental research

2. Pollution

3. Loss of Biodiversity

4. Energy Flow in Ecosystems

5. Biomes

6. Our Environment Through Time
Hunter Gatherers
Agricultural Revolution
Industrial Revolution
Characteristics
Positive Effects on the Environment
Negative Effects on the environment

7. Environmental problems
1. Resource Depletion
Natural resources
Renewable- can be replaced relatively quickly
Ex; water, air, soil, trees
Nonrenewable- forms at a slower rate
Ex: fossil fuels, hardwoods, minerals
Depleted- when large % is used up

8. Venn Diagram
Renewable
Nonrenewable
Both

9. Renewable & Nonrenewable Resources
Create a Venn Diagram
Classify the following as either Renewable, Nonrenewable or both
Ocean waves
Salt
Water
Solar energy
Wheat
Natural Gas
Diesel
Plants
Trees
Wind energy
Hydroelectric power
Gasoline
Leather
fish
Iron
Air
Sand
Aluminum
Coal
Geothermal energy
Paper
Cows
Soil
Fossil fuels

10. 2. Pollution Destroying air, water or soil 2 main types
Biodegradable pollutants- can be broken down by natural process
Ex: human sewage and food wastes
Problem when they are created faster than can be broken down
Nondegradable pollutants- can not be broken down
Ex: mercury, lead, plastics
Problem because they can build up to dangerous levels in the environment.

11. 3. Loss of Biodiversity
Biodiversity refers # and variety of species that live in an area.
Extinction- last of a species is gone
Mass extinctions

12. Cholera In 1854 a Cholera epidemic broke out in the slums of London.
Severe diarrhea, vomiting and sweating
Death can results in less than an hour.
Dr. John Snow found the source and transmission agent of the 1854 Cholera Epidemic.

13. Poison Pump Activity Questions
How did cholera get into the water used by the people who lived on Broad Street?
Why are we unlikely to contract cholera living in North America?
What are the symptoms of Cholera?

14. How do scientists graph/ display data?
3 Types of Graphs
1. Line Graph
Shows change over time
Show how one thing changes because of something else
2. Bar Graph
Shows how different things are compared to one another
3. Pie Chart
Shows how portions relate to a whole thing
Must equal 100%

15. Graph Grading Rules 1. Did you use whole piece of paper? 2. Labels?
X & Y axis
Title
Pieces of a pie graph
3. X & Y Axis
Set up correctly?
With numbers spaced correctly
4. Are the points/ #s graphed correctly?

16. Line Graph World population (in billions) Year .5 1600 1.0 1700 1.5
Create a line graph with the following information.
World population (in billions)
Year .5
1600
1.0
1700
1.5
1800
2.0
1900
5.5
2000

17. Bar graphs Country Life expectancy in years U.S. 77 Japan 81 Mexico
Create a bar graph using the following data.
Country
Life expectancy in years
U.S. 77
Japan 81
Mexico
71.5
Indonesia 68

18. Pie Chart Source of Pollution Percentage Runoff from land 51.4 %
Create a pie chart using the following information.
Source of Pollution
Percentage
Runoff from land
51.4 %
Routine Ship maintenance
19.4
Air pollution
13.0
Natural Seeps
8.8
Big Spills
5.2 %
Offshore drilling
2.2

19. Tragedy of the Commons
Named in 1968 to represent the concept that any resource that is open to everyone (such as air or parts of the ocean), will eventually be destroyed because everyone can use it but no one is responsible for preserving it.

20. Environment and Society
Tragedy of the Commons
Economics and the environment
Supply and demand
The greater the demand of a limited supply, the more its worth
Costs and Benefits
We must determine if the benefit of an action is worth its cost
Risk Assessment
the chance than human health or the environment will suffer loss.

21. Developed and Developing Countries
Higher average incomes
Slower population growth
Diverse industrial economies
Stronger social support systems
EX: United States, Canada, Japan
Developing
Lower average incomes
Simple and agriculture based economies
Rapid population growth
EX: Indonesia

22. Developing countries have high birth rates because
Many parents will have a lot of children in the expectation that some will die because of the high infant mortality rate
Large families can help in looking after the farm
The children will be able to look after their parents if they become old or sick; there may not be a old age pension scheme
There may be a shortage of family planning facilities and advice
Developing countries have high death rates because, in many cases, there are
Dirty, unreliable water supplies
Poor housing conditions
Poor access to medical sevices
Endemic disease in some countries
Diets that are short in calories and/or protein

23. Developing – Africa, South/Central America, Mexico, Indonesia, India, Middle/East
Developed – US, Canada, Europe, Russia , Japan

24. Practice Question
Which of the following countries would you expect to have the lowest population growth?
A. Canada
B. Indonesia
C. Ethiopia
D. India

25. Over Population Problems
Not enough food
Unsafe drinking water
Poor sanitation
Disease
Consumption Trends
Developed countries use 75% of worlds resources but only make up 20% of population

26. Ecological Footprint – the productive area of Earth needed to support one person
Sustainable World – human needs are met and humans can survive indefinitely

27. Developing countries have high population growth because….