1. Acids and Bases Unit 10 – Honor’s

2. Lincoln Park High School Acid Base SaltWater pH below 7 Sour taste Reacts with metals and bases electrolyte pH above 7 Bitter taste Reacts with fats and oils and acids electrolyte Electrolyte pH near 7

3. Lincoln Park High School pH is a measure of the amount of hydronium ion. pH = -log[concentration H + ] pH = -log[concentration H + ]  [10 -1 M HCl] ; pH = 1  [10 -2 M HCl] ; pH = 2  [10 -3 M HCl] ; pH = 3  [10 -4 M HCl] ; pH = 4  [10 -5 M HCl] ; pH = 5  [10 -6 M HCl] ; pH = 6  [10 -7 M HCl] ; pH = 7

4. Lincoln Park High School pOH is a measure of the amount of hydroxide ion. pOH = -log[concentration OH - ] pOH = -log[concentration OH - ]  [10 -1 M NaOH] ; pOH = 1  [10 -2 M NaOH] ; pOH = 2  [10 -3 M NaOH] ; pOH = 3  [10 -4 M NaOH] ; pOH = 4  [10 -5 M NaOH] ; pOH = 5  [10 -6 M NaOH] ; pOH = 6  [10 -7 M NaOH] ; pOH = 7

5. Lincoln Park High School pH and pOH These are log rhythmic scales! Each number is a power of 10 10 -1 = 0.1 10 -2 = 0.01 10 -3 = 0.001 10 -4 = 0.0001 10 -5 = 0.00001 10 -6 = 0.000001

6. Lincoln Park High School pH is how much acid. What is pOH? pOH is how much base, the more base the lower the pOH Since pH = -log[H + ] less is more! The smaller the pH, the less negative is the exponent. Smaller pOH = smaller Negative exponent!

7. Lincoln Park High School Naming Acids. Binary Acids: ex: HCl, HBr, HSe Hydro _________ ic acid Oxyacids ex: H 2 SO 4, H 3 PO 4, HNO 3 ______________ ic acid Or ex: H 2 SO 3, H 3 PO 3, HNO 2 ______________ ous acid chlor brom selen sulfurphosphornitr sulfurphosphornitr

8. Lincoln Park High School How can you tell if you have an acid? The first symbol in the formula are H … Hydronium ion is in acids. The first symbol in the formula are H … Hydronium ion is in acids. Cl H S O H O H O O HCl = Hydrochloric acid H 2 SO 4 = sulfuric acid

9. Lincoln Park High School How can you tell if you have a base? The last two symbols in the formula are OH … Hydroxides are bases. The last two symbols in the formula are OH … Hydroxides are bases. Na O H Ca O H O H NaOH = sodium hydroxide Ca(OH) 2 = calcium hydroxide

10. Lincoln Park High School What is Kw? Kw is an equilibrium expression for the dissociation of water. Kw is an equilibrium expression for the dissociation of water. [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 10 -14 [H 3 O + ][OH - ] = 10 -14 In a solution of 0.01M HCl, all the HCl dissociates, [H + ] = 0.01M. What is the concentration of OH - ? In a solution of 0.01M HCl, all the HCl dissociates, [H + ] = 0.01M. What is the concentration of OH - ? 0.01M 10 -14 0.01M [OH - ] = 10 -12 M