1. 10/5/20151

2. 2 Chapter 1 Matter and energy

3. 10/5/20153 The Nature of Science Science Law Fact Hypothesis Theory Archimedes

4. 10/5/20154 Scientific method Observing (Quantitative) (Qualitative) generalizing theorizing testing

5. 10/5/20155 Types of Data (Recorded observations) Quantitative or qualitative

6. 10/5/20156 The Role of Hypotheses in Inquiry Tentative answer to a well-framed question, an explanation on trial Makes predictions that can be tested

7. 10/5/20157 Hypothesis-Based Science Inquiry that asks specific questions  proposing and testing of hypotheses

8. 10/5/20158 The Myth of the Scientific Method The scientific method is an idealized process of inquiry Very few scientific inquiries adhere to the “textbook” scientific method

9. 10/5/20159 The Nature of Science 1. Science: observation of the world and the constant testing of theories against nature, with the requirement that everything that is to be called science must be testable  The character of science matches the American character  Practical, pragmatic, classless, based on evidence  Healthy skepticism

10. 10/5/201510 2. Rational approach to questions 3. Dull slog through failures to reach a conclusion 4. Answers lead to more questions 5. What is a fact, law, hypothesis, theory? 6. Can only address question that deal with the natural world

11. 10/5/201511 What science is not Pseudoscience e.g. astrology

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13. 10/5/201513 Limitations of Science Science cannot address supernatural phenomena Hypotheses must be testable and falsifiable and experimental results must be repeatable

14. 10/5/201514 Theories in Science Broad in scope Generate new hypotheses Supported by a large body of evidence Explain Incorporates confirmed observations, laws, and successfully verified hypotheses

15. 10/5/201515 Law – description of how a natural phenomenon will occur Fact – natural phenomenon repeatedly confirmed by observation, e.g. Venus takes 225 days to go around the sun

16. 10/5/201516 Chemistry: The Central Science chemistry biology physics geology ecology

17. 10/5/201517 Natural Sciences Biological (biology, ecology) – living things Physical (chemistry, physics) - nonliving

18. 10/5/201518 Branches of chemistry Organic (carbon chemistry) Inorganic Physical Biochemistry Analytical

19. 10/5/201519 Matter – anything that has mass & occupies space Mass – measure of quantity of matter Weight – measure of Earth’s gravitational attraction for matter

20. 10/5/201520 Gravity – a product of the bending of spacetime

21. 10/5/201521 Energy – ability to cause change or ability to do work Kinetic (E of motion) Potential (E of position)

22. 10/5/201522 Interconversion of matter and energy E = mc 2

23. 10/5/201523 Ecosystems and Energy Flow All the biotic and abiotic factors in a defined area

24. 10/5/201524 Energy flows through ecosystems, while matter cycles within them

25. 10/5/201525 Ecosystems and Physical Laws Energy is conserved The laws of physics and chemistry apply to ecosystems  Particularly in regard to the flow of energy  But degraded to heat during ecosystem processes

26. 10/5/201526 States of matter Solid (def. shape and vol. Liquid (def. vol, fluid) Gas (neither def. shape or vol.) Plasma (gas w/ + particles & e - )

27. 10/5/201527 Physical properties-can be measured w/o chg. In identity (e.g. BP) Extensive – depends on amt. (e.g.length) Intensive – doesn’t depend on amt. (e.g. BP)

28. 10/5/201528 Physical change Doesn’t result in chg. In identity

29. 10/5/201529 Chemical properties Change in identity

30. 10/5/201530 Chemical change One or more substances converted into diff. substances

31. 10/5/201531 Chemical reaction Reactants  Products

32. 10/5/201532 Indications of chem. reaction Evolution of heat and light Production of a gas Formation of precipitate

33. 10/5/201533 Reaction types

34. 10/5/201534 Mixtures- 2 or more kinds of matter, can be separated by physical means Heterogeneous- not uniform, e.g. vegetable soup Homogeneous- uniform, e.g. salt water, also called solutions

35. 10/5/201535 Pure substance- homogeneous sample of matter, e.g. sugar Every sample the same Cannot be separated w/o changing ID 2 types- elements : cannot be decomposed by chemical change, and compounds: can be decomposed

36. 10/5/201536 Law of definite composition A cmpd. contains the same elements in exactly the same proportions by mass

37. 10/5/201537 Periodic table Groups Periods Element symbols, e.g. Fe

38. 10/5/201538 Types of elements Metals – luster, reflectors, conduct electricity and heat, ductile, malleable Nonmetals Metalloids – semiconductors, char. of both

39. 10/5/201539