1. The Modern Civil Rights Movement Chapter 28 Section 2

2. Court Decisions and Grassroots Organizing Key ? - How did civil rights supporters challenge segregation? 50s Civil Rights began to change through Supreme Court decisions and grassroots movement. Grassroots – one that was locally organized by ordinary citizens.

3. Brown overturns Plessy NAACP had a legal fund to challenge segregation laws. “Separate but Equal” continued into the 50s. Black children schools were separate but not equal. Thurgood Marshall challenged segregation through Brown v.Board of Education of Topeka. Supreme Court overturned Plessy v.Ferguson.

4. continued Early 1950s African Americans sued to end segregation. Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka – Thurgood Marshall – lawyer for NAACP. SC – “separate but equal” unconstitutional. Public schools were to desegregate. SC did not say how to do this. White resistance.

5. Montgomery Bus Boycott 1955 – Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up her seat on the bus to a white. NAACP called for a boycott of the buses. Boycott – form of political activism, or direct action taken to support or oppose a social or political goal. Under Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., the boycott lasted for 13 months. Ended segregation on Montgomery buses. Led to the founding of the Southeren Christian Leadership Conference(SCLC). Led Dr. King to become one of the best-known civil rights leaders of his day.

6. Civil Rights Supporters Face Violence Key ? – How did segregationists try to stop integration? The opposition of whites to desegregation became known as “massive resistance”. “The Little Rock Nine” were nine African Americans that were integrated into Central High School in Sept.1957. National Guard troops were called to block their entrance. Eisenhower ordered 101 st Airborne Division to Little Rock and students were escorted in.

7. Sit-ins Energize the Movement A sit-in is a protest in which people sit and refuse to move until their demands are met. Greensboro, NC lunch counter – African Americans sat there everyday while others began to join the movement, all across the South. Out of this came a movement –Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)