1. BELLWORK Read an excerpt from John L. O’Sullivan’s essay, “Annexation.” 1.In 3-5 sentences, summarize O’Sullivan’s argument. 2.O’Sullivan says “we must onward to the fulfillment of our mission.” What does he mean by this? What is the U.S. “mission?” 3.In this article, O’Sullivan continually argues that America will preserve moral dignity, freedom and equality. How does this contradict what actually happens during U.S. expansion? 4.THINKER: List three arguments for expansionism. Why would the U.S. and its citizens want to expand and move West?

2. America’s Growing Population In 1780, 2.7 million people lived in the 13 states. By 1830, 12 million people lived in 24 states. Average American woman had five children. Half of America’s population was under 17. Many people felt that in order to achieve success within a huge population they would have to move West.

3. Migrating West of the Appalachians

6. 16103,800 16204,100 16304,600 165050,400 1670111,900 1690210,400 1700250,900 1720466,200 1740905,600 17501,170,800 17702,148,100 17802,780,400 17903,929,214 18005,308,483 18107,239,881 18209,638,453 183012,866,020 184017,069,453 185023,191,876 186031,443,321 187038,558,371 188050,189,209 189062,979,766 190076,212,168 191092,228,496 1920106,021,537 1930123,202,624 1940132,164,569 1950151,325,798 1960179,323,175 1970203,211,926 1980226,545,805 1990248,709,873 2000281,421,906 2010308,745,53 Population growth in America by decade

7. Manifest Destiny “From sea to shining sea” Belief that the United States was destined to expand across the North American continent. Used to justify war with Mexico and taking over Native American land.

8. http://thesocietypages.org/graphicsociology/ 2011/05/13/center-of-us-population-us- census-1790-2010/

9. The Louisiana Purchase In 1803, President Jefferson sent James Monroe to buy all of the Louisiana Territory from France for $15 million. This nearly doubled the size of the U.S. Next, President Jefferson sent Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to lead explorations of the new territory. Lewis and Clark traveled all the way to the Pacific Ocean, while creating the first completed map of the U.S. Their detailed reports and maps sparked the interest of Americans and caused thousands of families to move West.

14. Manifest Destiny Florida: Ceded (given) to the United States as a part of the Adams - Onis Treaty in 1819 Oregon (1846)- Russia, France, Britain and the United States all had claims in the area. The U.S. negotiated with the countries and established the boundary at 42-north latitude.

18. Manifest Destiny - Discussion Do you think the Americans accomplished their goal of Manifest Destiny? Why or why not? What purchase/gain of land do you think was the most valuable? As Americans move west, who’s land are they really taking over? If the U.S. is supposed to preserve equality, why do they disregard the Natives?