1. Bell Ringer – 12/2/08 1. Explain what happened during the Montgomery Bus boycott. 2. How did the Montgomery Improvement Assoc. (NAACP branch) hurt the bus company? 3. What did the Voting Rights Act do?

2. What started the Civil Rights movement? After WWII, African-Americans had better access to jobs and began taking a stand, organizing protests, and reaching media After WWII, African-Americans had better access to jobs and began taking a stand, organizing protests, and reaching media The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the first organized movement to fight segregation The Montgomery Bus Boycott was the first organized movement to fight segregation

3. SNCC (pronounced “snick”) Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: consisted of college students of all races. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee: consisted of college students of all races. Most known for lunch counter “sit-ins”, also for freedom rides and March on Washington. Most known for lunch counter “sit-ins”, also for freedom rides and March on Washington.

6. Freedom Summer In 1964, thousands of white college students helped register African-Americans to vote in Mississippi In 1964, thousands of white college students helped register African-Americans to vote in Mississippi 3 civil rights workers were killed by Klansman (KKK) 3 civil rights workers were killed by Klansman (KKK)

7. Affirmative Action Programs that make special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discrimination Programs that make special efforts to hire or enroll groups that have suffered discrimination Many colleges and government businesses adopted affirmative action Many colleges and government businesses adopted affirmative action It has been challenged in recent years (reverse discrimination) It has been challenged in recent years (reverse discrimination)

8. Malcolm X Black Muslim minister Black Muslim minister Preached a militant approach to civil rights & black power Preached a militant approach to civil rights & black power The “X” symbolized a rejection of “slave names” The “X” symbolized a rejection of “slave names” Shot in 1965 by members of the Nation of Islam Shot in 1965 by members of the Nation of Islam

9. Black Panther Party 1960’s and 1970’s – “The Black Panthers” were an African-American group founded on civil rights and self-defense 1960’s and 1970’s – “The Black Panthers” were an African-American group founded on civil rights and self-defense Oakland, California: born upon a desire to spread the words of Malcolm X Oakland, California: born upon a desire to spread the words of Malcolm X Black power, black nationalism, community development (improvement) Black power, black nationalism, community development (improvement)

10. Homework Read Ch 21, Sn 1 Read Ch 21, Sn 1 Answer questions 1, 3, & 5 on page 707 Answer questions 1, 3, & 5 on page 707