1. Civil Rights Movement Chapter 22

2. Brown vs. Board of Education 1951 – Linda Brown’s parents sued BOE of Topeka For not allowing Linda to attend an all-white school Supreme Court Ruling It was unconstitutional to separate school children by race Overturned “separate but equal” As found in Plessy vs. Ferguson The Southern Manifesto 101 Southern Congress Members signed Said Supreme Court abused power

3. Montgomery Bus Boycott Rosa Parks Takes a Stand Refused to give up her bus seat and was arrested A meeting was held at Dexter Ave. Baptist Church Martin Luther King, Jr.’s church Called for a boycott of the busses Lasted for nearly a year Rosa Parks was convicted and fined MLKJ and others were arrested for an illegal boycott 1956 – Supreme Court ruled segregation in public transportation was illegal Montgomery Bus Boycott started movement Found their leader in MLKJ

4. King Preaches Nonviolence Churches and ministers led movement King followed his faith and Gandhi Use of nonviolent resistance Disobey unjust laws Love oppressors Never fight, even when provoked To carry on nonviolent struggles, King and others founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference Branched into Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee Main job was to fight against discrimination

5. Crisis in Little Rock Eisenhower refused to pass civil rights legislation Wanted to avoid controversy 1953 – Earl Warren appointed as Chief Justice Took a more liberal approach Thurgood Marshall, lawyer of NAACP, brought many civil rights cases Brought Brown v. BOE to Supreme Court Court never set a deadline for implementing Brown ruling

6. Crisis in Little Rock 1957 – Congress created a civil rights division in the Department of Justice September 1957 – Federal court ordered admittance of nine African American students To Little Rock High in Arkansas A former all-white high school Governor Faubus sent National Guard troops to prevent students from entering Eisenhower sent in federal troops to ensure students could attend school safely