1. The Campaign in Congress for Civil Rights A study of civil rights legislation Chapter 6, Theme A, part 2

2. “Front Burner” Issue How do you get people with political clout to demand change for a minority? (Public Agenda) How do you change public opinion? a.Use civil disobedience to initiate dramatic confrontations (Rosa Parks &the Montgomery bus boycott) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8A9gvb5Fh0 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v8A9gvb5Fh0 b.Use media campaigns (Invite coverage of abuse) to play on sympathies of whites. (Greensboro Sit-in) a.https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KREQGwC_cFYhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KREQGwC_cFY b.http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1cEhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Xbbcjn4d1cE c.Enfranchise black voters. d.Discourage riots as frustration grew over the slow progress.

3. The Campaign in Congress Powerful Southern Democrats blocked nearly all legislation in committees or filibustered in Senate. The House Rules & Senate Judiciary Committees were the graveyards of legislation. In 1957, Strom Thurmond filibustered for over 24 hrs to block civil rights legislation.Strom Thurmond In 1964, a filibuster was ended by cloture leading to passage of the Civil Rights Act. So, what led to this change?

4. The Campaign in Congress How did the assassination of JFK help the civil rights movement? How did the 1964 elections bring change? The Civil Rights Act of 1964 & the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were landmark laws. Why were these so significant? Discuss each with activity: – Group 1: CRA, Title I-Group 4: CRA, Title IV – Group 2: CRA, Title II-Group 5: CRA, Title V – Group 3: CRA, Title III-Group 6: CRA, Title VII – Group 7: VRA, Secs. 2-3-Group 8: VRA, Sec. 4 – Group 9: VRA, Sec. 10-Group 10: VRA, Sec. 11

5. Legislation Study For your assigned section or title, answer the following: – What area or practice of discrimination does the section or title address? – How does it address this area or practice? – To whom does it give power? – From whom does it take power?

6. The Civil Rights Act vs. Voting Rights Act Similarities Both have provisions protecting voting rights Both give power to the Attorney General to enforce provisions Both define discrimination on the basis of the 14 th Amendment’s equal protection clause Differences CRA has more diverse focus; VRA focuses on enfranchisement rights CRA gives power to the EEOC to investigate abuse; VRA gives power to the CRC to appoint registrars and monitors CRA challenged by commerce clause; VRA challenged around 10 th Amendment

7. What REALLY led to Change & societal integration? Futile resistance Disruption of economy & government Enfranchisement of blacks Unsuccessful legal challenges Withholding federal funds Public opinion changed Is the battle over for civil rights? How have police tactics fueled debates over race?

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6 | 8 Figure 6.2: Growing Support Among Southern Democrats in Congress for Civil Rights Bills Congressional Quarterly, Congress and the Nation, vols. 1, 2, 3, 7, 8.

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. 6 | 9 Table 6.1: Increase in Number of Black Elected Officials

10. New Challenges to Old Laws Shelby County v. Holder NC Wins Appeal to Keep Election Laws SCOTUS Blocks WI Voter ID Law SCOTUS Won't Interrupt TX Voter ID Law