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Physical Geography of Russia
Chapter 15 Physical Geography of Russia
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Land Forms and Resources
Section 1 Land Forms and Resources
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Russia and the Republics occupy a large territory
Is 3 times the size of the United States
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Region sprawls across two continents
Europe Asia
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Region sprawls across two continents
Cross 11 time zone throughout Europe and Asia
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CHERNOZEM Black top soil – one of the world’s most fertile region
See page 345
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What % of the regions 290 million people live on this plain
75 % Or 217 million people live on the plains
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Three largest cities on the plains
Moscow, Russia St. Petersburg, Russia Kiev, Ukraine
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Ural Mountains Separate the Northern European and West Siberian plains
Divides Europe and Asia
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Eurasia Combined continents of Europe and Asia
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Caucasus Mountains (kaw-kuh-suhs)
Stretch across the land that separates the Black and Caspian Sea
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Transcaucasia Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia,
located – between Caucasus Mts. and borders of Turkey and Iran
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Central Asia Kazakhstan Kyrgyzstan Tajikistan Turkmenistan Uzbekistan
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SIBERIA Region in central and eastern Russia, from the Ural Mountains to the Pacific Known for mineral resources Russian government used this region as a political exile site
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Climate and Vegetation
Section 2 Climate and Vegetation
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CONTINENTALITY Russia and the Republics enormous size has a major effect on its climate Russia's climate increases as one travels east, with average temperature differences between the warmest (July) and coldest (January) ...
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TAIGA (Tahy-guh) Largest forest in the world Continuous belt of evergreen forests across the Northern Hemisphere North America and Eurasia
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PROBLEM OF RUNOFF Rainfall not absorbed by soil, which can carry pesticides and fertilizers from fields to rivers which can endanger the food chain
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TRANS-SIBERIAN RAILROAD
Railroad that links Moscow (on the west) to the port of Vladivostok (on the east) Runs 6,000 miles across bitter cold, undeveloped region
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REASONS RAILROAD IS BUILT
Speed up travel Populate the region Develop resources
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TIME ZONES 24 time zones in the world 360 degrees
15 degrees in each time zone
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INTERNATIONAL DATELINE
Marks where a new calendar day begins
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Chapter 16 A Diverse Heritage
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Russia and the Western Republics
Section 1 Russia and the Western Republics
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BALTIC REPUBLIC Countries of Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia
Located on the east coast of the Baltic Sea
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Russian Empire develops
Vikings settle between the Baltic and Black Sea Mixed with the Slavs
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Role of the Czar in Russian History
Czar was the ruler of Russia before the Russian Revolution in 1917 Helped modernized Russia from 1682 to 1725 Peter the Great attempted to modernize Russia
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Peter the Great
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RUSSIAN REVOLUTION Revolt in 1917 – Communist government of Lenin took control of the government from the Czar.
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Lenin
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USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republic
Formed in 1922 by the Communist government Dissolved in 1991
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COLD WAR Conflict between the USSR and the US after World War II
Nuclear power conflict Called a cold war because it never escalated into an open warfare
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COMMAND ECONOMY Plan under the Communist government in the USSR
Government controlled the production of goods and services (complete opposite of the US)
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Market Economy (U.S. economy today)
A market economy is economy based on the division of labor in which the prices of goods and services are determined in a free price system set by supply and demand.[1]
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COLLECTIVE FARM Used by the USSR under Stalin
A large labor force that worked together on enormous farms in the USSR
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3 Republics of Transcaucasia
Armenia Azerbaijan Georgia
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Conflict in Transcaucasia
Ethnic conflicts in the region Ethnicity is what ties you to your race or culture. It is your background and has a strong influence in the things you do. Ethnic groups are large and vary from location to location.
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Soviet military takes control of Transcaucasian in modern times
Red Army (former USSR)
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SUPRA Georgian (Russian) term for dinner party
Many foods, toasts, and short speeches
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SILK ROAD 4000 mile route – between China and Mediterranean Sea
Named for the expensive silk that travel from China to the west Road spread ideas, technology, and religion
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NOMAD A person with no permanent home Moves from place to place
In search of food, water, and grazing land
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YURT Tent that was used by central Asia’s nomads
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Chapter 17 Russia and the Republics
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CHECHNYA A republic that remains apart of Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union despite independence movements and violence
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WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND CHECHNYA
Chechens (people from Chechnya) want independence
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WAR BETWEEN RUSSIA AND GEORGIA
Georgia wanted their independence (after 1991) Resulted in thousands of deaths and refugee problems
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PRIVATIZATION Going from a Command Economy to a Market Economy
Selling of government owned businesses to private citizens Took place after 1991
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RUSSIANS LIVING IN POVERTY
After 1991 – 40% of the people lived below the poverty line
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DIFFICULTIES WITH RUSSIA’S SIZE
So big and distant from Moscow Some regional leaders have chosen to ignore government reform.
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CONTROL OVER REGIONAL LEADERS
Government created federal districts with governors Governors answered to Moscow
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ORGANIZED CRIME Growth of organized crime
Illegal activities are more lucrative that honest business Illegal activities reduced the governments tax revenues
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