1. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Compact Green Cities: From an Oxymoron to a Target Dr. Kjell Nilsson Danish Centre for Forest, Landscape and Planning University of Copenhagen

2. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 A spectre is haunting Europe...

3. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 The American Dream – A nightmare for Europe

4. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Sprawl in Europe Artificial surfacesLand taken from nature and agriculture Land returned to nature and agriculture 16 Billion ha 1 Mill. ha 0,1 Mill. ha +5 % Developments in land cover in EU25 between 1990 and 2000 EEA Report No 10/2006

5. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Growth & Shrinkage Since the mid 1950s European cities have expanded on average by 78 %, whereas the population has grown only by 33 %

6. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urbanization on the edges of existing agglomerations Randstad, NL Leipzig - Halle, DE

7. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 SRES variant scenarios B1 – Smart growth (peak oil) Shock – peak oil & energy price A1 – High growth (hyper-tech) Shock – rapid ICT development B2 – Fragmentation (green enclaves) Shock – pandemic & social exclusion A2 – Self-reliance (extreme water) Shock – climate change & water crises Economic Regional Environ- mental Economic Global Economic

8. EC Sustainable development – May 2009

9. Urban sprawl - negative consequences Consumption of land, loss of agricultural land and open space Destruction of biotopes and fragmentation of ecosystems Higher cost of public services, especially transport Increase of the use of private car, traffic congestion Increase in fuel consumption and air pollution Decay of downtown areas Social segregation and reduction of social interaction Poor access to to services for those with limited mobility (SCATTER project)

10. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Density and Energy Consumption

11. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Vulnerable City Compact City

12. EC Sustainable development – May 2009

13. The potential conflict between mitigation and adaptation MitigationAdaptation Urban density

14. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 The potential conflict between mitigation and adaptation MitigationAdaptation Urban density

15. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Oxymoron: Compact Green City StockholmCopenhagenHelsinki

16. 1. Better coordination between transport, land use and open space planning

17. 2. Preservation of the green infrastructure for walking and cycling StockholmHämeenlinna Copenhagen

18. 3. Creat e new urban landscapes of a Compact Garden City Oslo Malmo

19. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 4. Urban containment and integrated territorial policy approaches

20. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 5. Promotion of the Urban-Rural Interface GuangzhouTampere

21. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Ecosystem & QoL Services in the peri-urban Landscape 10 EUR/kg (game) 80-320 EUR/ha HealthRecreationSocial inclusion 0.145 EUR/m 3 Biodiversity Air quality Ground water 100 EUR/saved absence day 0.5-1.0 EUR/visit 755 EUR/prevented theft

22. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 EU grants (CAP) Pasture 110-250 EUR/hectare Solitary tree 6 EUR Old building 18 EUROpen ditches 6 EUR/100 metres Stone walls 25 EUR/100 metres

23. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Urban Forestry, Peri-Urban Agriculture Community Activity & Learning Centres Edinburgh den Haag Malmo

24. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Peri-urban Land Use Relationships (PLUREL) 2007-2010 Models and strategies to enhance the understanding and handling of relationships between rural, peri-urban and urban land uses Study and model the demands and competition for resources in Rural-Urban regions Land-use scenarios for Rural-Urban regions in Europe To explore case study regions in order to analyse the implications of planning policies and governance structures, and identify strategies for sustainable development To assess environmental, social and economis impacts of land use changes Enhance learning, cooperation and communication between policy makers, stakeholders, planners and researchers

25. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 Case study regions Haaglanden Leipzig Manchester Warsaw Montpellier Koper Hangzhou

26. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 PLUREL Newsletter

27. EC Sustainable development – May 2009 WWW.PLUREL.NET