1. http://galeria.50megs.com/gonzalez/el_abrazo.jpg “El Abrazo” Gonzales Camarena Objective: Understand the lasting effects of the Spanish Conquest of the Americas HW: 2.2

2. Lesson Examen What I know about European Explorers… What I would like to know more about… What I will learn about European Explorers…

3. Map: The Spanish and Portuguese Empires Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

4. Spanish & Portuguese Languages today

5. Spanish Pattern of Conquest I.CONQUER  Destroy the leadership and military power  Deter resistance with brutal massacres and demonstrations of force  Enslave the population II.COLONIZE  Send peninsulares, mainly men, to settle the new land  Establish encomiendas (slave labor) to farm and mine III.CONVERT  Missionaries convert the native population to Christianity  Conquistadores and peninsulares intermarry with Native American Indians. Their offspring are known as mestizos.

6. God, Glory, and Gold or? Gold, Glory, and God

7. missionaries

8. MERCANTILISM Wealth = Power More Wealth  More Power Export Revenue $ > Import Expenses Colonies Provide: 1. Supplies of Raw Materials 2. A Market for Finished Goods THIS CREATES A “FAVORABLE BALANCE OF TRADE”

9. KEY IDEA Colonies existed to serve the interests of the Mother Country Colonies were a MEANS to Europe’s ENDS

10. England Colonies Raw Materials Finished Products Currency

11. Amerigo Vespucci Source: Library of Congress

12. Hernan Cortes Secured Cuba –Landed in Mexico 1519 –Learned of the great wealth in the regions interior Conquered the Aztec Empire –Held Montezuma, the emperor hostage for gold –Eventually sacked and destroyed Tenochitlan, the Aztec capital –Had an advantage in “Guns, Germs, and Steel” Cortes’ attacking force –600 men, 17 horses, dogs, and 10 cannons –Convinced Aztec enemies to fight with him, greatly aided by his translator, Malinche, and thousands of Indian Allies

13. Tenochitlan, drawn by Hernan Cortes, Walters Museum

14. Map: Major Mesoamerican Cultures, c. 1000 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

15. AZTECS 1200-1500 CE Aztec home scene from Florentine Codex (The Art Archive) Houghton Mifflin Company The Great Temple at Tenochtitlán

16. The Mexican Counterattack, Codex Durán The differences between European and Native American styles and conceptions of warfare were often striking. This scene, from the Codex Durán, illustrates a Spanish force besieged by Aztec warriors. Note the contrast in clothing, for example. For most Indian groups, warfare was a highly spiritual affair surrounded by ceremony, often involving colorful and fanciful costumes. The European battle dress, however, bespeaks a very different conception of warfare: practical and deadly. (Archivo fotografico) The Mexican Counterattack, Codex Durán Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

17. Indians with smallpox European diseases killed many millions of Indians during the initial stages of contact because they had no immunity to such epidemic illnesses as influenza, measles, and plague. Smallpox was one of the deadliest of these imported diseases. This Aztec drawing illustrates smallpox's impact, from the initial appearance of skin lesions through death. Traditional Indian medical practices were unable to cure such diseases, and physical contact between shamans and patients actually helped to spread them. (Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana) Indians with smallpox Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

18. INCA 1400-1600 CE Inca Suspension Bridge, 1613 Bridges like this one, sketched by a native Andean, enabled the Incas to move people and goods through the mountains. An Inca administrator stands to the left, overseeing the bridge. (Det Kongelige Bibliotek) Inca Suspension Bridge, 1613 Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

19. Francisco Pizzaro

20. What were the Reasons for Spanish Victories? 1. 2. 3. 4.

21. Exploring Florida Juan Ponce de Leon –Conquered Puerto Rico Explored the Caribbean looking for the “vast land” north Eventually established St. Augustine, the oldest European settlement in North America

22. Settling the Southwest Coronado –Explored Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and Kansas –Couldn’t find gold or silver –Burned and looted many Native villages Spanish Priests –Establish Congregaciones to convert Native Americans

23. Treaty of Tordesillas and European Explorers Source:http://www.lasalle.edu/~mcinneshin/325/mapimages/tordesillasNewWorld.jpg

24. 1.The term for people of mixed Spanish and Native American heritage is ___________. 2.Spanish missionaries forced Native Americans to live in C_________, as part of the strategy to convert them to Catholicism. 3.The leader of the Spanish soldiers who subdued the Aztecs was ____________. 4.The conquistador who led the exploration of Florida was ___________.