1. INVENTORY OF MINING WASTE IN THE EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES OBJECTIVE: to compile an inventory of toxic waste sites from mining in EU Candidate Countries in relation to catchment areas using the DPSIR framework indicator approach pecomines EVERY MINING SITE IS A COMPLICATED CASE THE IMPACTS ARE FOLLOWED ON CATCHMENT SCALE Győző Jordán

2. PECOMINES MINING WASTE INVENTORY BACKGROUND Objectives and Deliverables I. REVIEW OF PECOMINES INVENTORY Methods and Approaches II. INVENTORY: PRESENT STATUS Examples and Data Processing III. CONCLUSIONS & FOLLOW-UP Discussion

3. BACKGROUND: EU ENLARGEMENT

4. DPSIR FRAMEWORK conceptual framework developed by EEA combining information from the various sources and disciplines into sets, each set described by certain indicators D RIVING FORCES human demand for mineral resources regulations assessment inventory P RESSURES formation of emission sources, emission flowpaths and emissions as the result of exploitation of mineral resources S TATE the quality of environment influenced and threatened by emissions originating from the mining activities I MPACTS emission- or risk-caused degradation of the quality of life, including human health, ecosystems, biodiversity, cultural resources, recreational value etc R ESPONSE actions of the communities to reduce impacts and risks to the acceptable level

5. EXPECTED FINAL DELIVERABLES OF THE INVENTORY (1) A set of geoenvironmental maps of 10 Candidate Countries that presents the main hot spots of already existing and potential impacts originating from toxic mining waste (2) A report that - gives an overview of the mining waste problems in the countries - provides description of the major hot spots in the countries identified as priorities on national level - identifies environmental risks and impacts with respect to different vulnerability areas on catchment scale - defines the gaps in existing information

6. MINING WASTE INVENTORY PACKAGE PART 0. Accompanying Letter PART 1. Questionnaire - Guide to complete the Questionnaire - Glossary - Access data entry application (ZIP file) - Guide for the Access application PART 2. Environmental information and data concerning mining waste for - your country and - selected mining areas ('hot spots') PART 3. Outline of Country Review to be published in a volume by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission

7. PART 1 INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE PART 1 QUESTIONNAIRE to be completed for each mining site SECTION I.Mining site identification and location 1. Mining site identification 1.1 Mining site code 1.2 Customary site name(s) 1.3 Administrative unit 2. Mining site location Geographic co-ordinates: Latitude:…………………. Longitude:…………………. SECTION II.Status and production 3. Mineral commodity(ies) mined 4. Extraction type : Surface mine Underground mine 5. Status: Active Closed Temporarily suspended 6. Operation and production 6.1 Start of operation 6.2 End of operation (if abandoned or temporarily suspended) 6.3 Total exploited quantity 6.4 Total mined-out area 6.5 Total annual production in 1980 (if applicable) 6.6 Total annual production in 2000 (if applicable)

8. PART 1 INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE SECTION III.Geological characterisation of MINERAL deposit 7. Mineral deposit 7.1 Main constituents 7.2 Mineralogical composition 7.3 Mineral deposit type 7.4 Age 7.5 Geological setting, main tectonic or petrogenetic unit 8. Host rock 9. Type of overburden (surface mining) (complete only if you selected Surface mine at point 4. above) 10. Thickness of overburden (surface mining) (complete only if you selected Surface mine at point 4. above) SECTION IV.Mineral processing and waste management 11. Waste rock and waste management 11.1 Total quantity of waste rock produced 11.2 Disposed on site as waste Yes, volume:_____, area: ______ No 11.3 Used for backfilling in the mine Yes, volume: ________________ No 11.4 Used for construction or other purposes on mining site Yes, volume: ________________ No 11.5 Further processed on mining site Yes, volume: ________________ No 11.6 Transported out from the site Yes, volume: ________________ No

9. PART 1 INVENTORY QUESTIONNAIRE 12. Mineral processing 12.1 Mineral processing on mining site of excavation Yes No 12.2 Market product leaving the processing plant 12.3 Chemicals used in the treatment 12.4 Volume and area of disposed tailings 12.5 Chemical characteristics of solid tailings 12.6 Surface water on tailings Yes, volume: ________________ No 12.7 Chemical characteristics of tailings water (complete only if you selected Yes at 12.6) SECTION V.EMISSIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS 13. Types of emissions 14. Quantities and characteristic composition of the emissions 15. The mining site is an environmental hotspot Yes No 16. Main environmental impacts SECTION VI.NOTES, COMMENTS AND REFERENCES

10. PART 1 GLOSSARY Glossary with mining terminology [..] You are welcome to suggest changes into these working definitions and especially encouraged to discuss case-by-case if one or another site should be included or excluded in the frames of this project. Active A mine is active if it has an owner and mining activities are carried out on the site. Backfill Backfill is the material used to fill voids created by mining excavation. Closed A mine is closed if licensed mining activities are finished for the mine. The site can be non- partly or fully rehabilitated. Deposit Any sort of earth material that has been accumulated through the action of wind, water, ice, or other agents. Mineral deposits.

11. PART 1 GUIDE GUIDE to complete the questionnaire GENERAL COMMENTS If the data provided is an estimation write after the figure estimation. If the information required is non-existing, write non-existing. If the information exists but it is not accessible write non-accessible. If the figure is an estimation indicate, if possible, also the confidence interval. For example: Quantity of waste rock disposed on site as waste: 100,000 10,000 m 3. At any point your expert comments [..] are welcome. It could be convenient to include your comments in SECTION VI. Notes, comments and references. The questionnaire relies on your expert knowledge and professional experience. Remember that you and your organisation are considered the reference for information and expertise provided in this questionnaire. Format: (1) Microsoft Word document (2) Microsoft Access application (3) Microsoft Excel spreadsheet

12. APPENDIX 1 Mineral commodity classification ECONOMIC MINERALS ENERGYMINERALS METALLIC MINERALSINDUSTRIAL MINERALS Nuclear fuels Construction materials Uranium CoalOil Non-construction materials Non-ferrous metals Ferrous metals Fossil fuels Precious metals Minor metals Some of the most important metals: Ferrous metals:Fe; Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, W, V, Co Non-ferrous metals:Cu, Pb, Zn (base metals); Sn, Al Precious metals:Au, Ag, Pt Minor metals:Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Hg, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr Fissionable metals:U, Th (U is considered here as nuclear fuel.) Some of the most important metals: Ferrous metals:Fe; Mn, Ni, Cr, Mo, W, V, Co Non-ferrous metals:Cu, Pb, Zn (base metals); Sn, Al Precious metals:Au, Ag, Pt Minor metals:Sb, As, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Hg, Nb, Ta, Ti, Zr Fissionable metals:U, Th (U is considered here as nuclear fuel.) Oil shale Selected list Other Asbestos Fluorite Gypsum Magnesite Phosphate Salt Sulphur Sulphides in overburden of open mines for industrial minerals

13. APPENDIX 3 Mining process and related waste pathways MINERAL DEPOSIT ORE PROCESSING MARKET PRODUCT WASTE ROCK TAILINGS EXCAVATION MINING SITE Transported from mining site Used on site: -backfilling - further processing ( eg leaching stockpile) -dam construction -other use NOTES: Dashed line indicates that processing can take place inside the mining site and outside the site (e.g. bauxite mine) as well. Orange colour indicates mining waste (waste rock and tailings). NOTES: Dashed line indicates that processing can take place inside the mining site and outside the site (e.g. bauxite mine) as well. Orange colour indicates mining waste (waste rock and tailings). Landfilled at the mining site

14. APPENDIX 2 & 4 APPENDIX 2 Mineral deposit characterisation APPENDIX 4 WORKING LIST OF THE EMISSIONS GENERATED AS THE RESULT OF MINING ACTIVITIES AND WHICH CAN CAUSE HAZARDS TO HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT CATEGORY 1 – LIQUID EMISSIONS CATEGORY 2 – GASEOUS EMISSIONS CATEGORY 3 – SOLID EMISSIONS

15. PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND DATA PART 2 Information and data concerning environmental aspects of mining waste for the country and selected mining areas Objectives: (1) to obtain background information for presentation of mining waste information at the national scale, and (2) to obtain data on the selected hot spots which will be used to develop environmental indicators for impact characterisation. (I) Maps for the whole country 1. Topographic map of the country Scale: 1:1,000,000. 2. Map of protected areas (national parks, natural reserves, etc) Scale: 1:1,000,000. 3. Hydrogeological map (main aquifers and potentiometric contour lines) Scale: 1:1,000,000. 4. Geological map Scale: 1:1,000,000.

16. PART 2 ENVIRONMENTAL INFORMATION AND DATA (II) Data and information on hot spots 1. Geological maps Geological deposit maps Scale: 1:50,000 – 1: 100,000 2. For each deposit: boundaries, mineral commodities mined, genetic type, age, local formation name, petrology and mineralogy 3. Data requirements for the catchments related to the hot spots: Map of catchment boundaries Map showing protected areas Soil maps (soil type, soil depth, etc) Regional climatic data, precipitation and/or infiltration data (mean and maximum annual precipitation) Surface water quality map/data, groundwater hydrology (major aquifers) and geochemistry map/data Scale: 1:50,000 – 1: 100,000 4. Data requirement for administrative-territorial units related to the deposits: Map of the units Population and population density in each unit Scale: 1:50,000 – 1: 100,000

17. PART 3COUNTRY REVIEW PART 3 Outline of Country Review to be published in a volume by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Objectives: (1) to obtain a country summary on total mining wastes and associated problems at the national level, and (2) to develop detailed descriptions of a few selected hot spots Mining waste hazards in Central and Eastern European Countries Preface Table of contents SECTION 1: Mining waste in the Central and Eastern European Countries: an Overview

18. PART 3COUNTRY REVIEW SECTION 2: COUNTRY REPORTS Bulgaria Czech Republic Estonia Hungary Latvia Lithuania Poland Romania Slovakia Slovenia SECTION 3: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

19. INVENTORY: PRESENT STATUS (20 May, 2002) QUESTIONNAIRE PART 1 BACKGROUND PART 2 Hot Spots Country sites waste Bulgaria5 Czech Rep.10 received received Estonia3 received received Hungary8 1285 260 received received Latvia0 1 received Lithuania0 received Poland10 received received Romania4 received received Slovakia- received received Slovenia- GEOENVIRONMENTAL MAPS Czech Republic (mining impact map, 1:500,000) Poland (geoecological maps, 1:50,000) Bulgaria (geohazard map, 1:500,000) COUNTRY REPORT PART 3

20. INVENTORY: Examples

21. INVENTORY: PRESENT STATUS PECOMINES: - Questionnaire package - European background data acquisition (JRC/EC) - Reviewing data sources & maps digitisation (scanning & georef.) - Access relational database - Web application - Evaluation of inventory data

22. INVENTORY: PRESENT STATUS European background data acquisition (JRC/EC): - GISCO - JRC: European Soil Bureau - Soil Database - JRC: 250m Digital Terrain Model of Europe (drainage network & catchment boundaries) - CORINE

23. REVIWING DATA SORCES: SOLID FOSSIL FUELS MINING IN CC-s SK BL PL CZ RO HU EE SLO

24. SCANNING OF DATA SORCES: METAL MINING IN CC-s Source data: European IPPC Bureau, TWG workspace, Mining Waste Bref RO BL RO SK PL HU

25. EVALUATION OF INVENTORY DATA: SCREENING OF ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS How do mining waste landfills, backfills and underground work-out areas contribute to environmental pollution? Case-specific, every case depending on a large number of physical, chemical and technological parameters - however, many cases are very similar with respect to environmental impacts

26. EVALUATION OF INVENTORY DATA: DEPOSIT-SCALE ASSESSMENT - GEOENVIRONMENTAL MAPPING Geoenvironmental models: Deposits can be classified into different types, each type having similar geochemical environmental signature, for example a potential - to produce acid drainage (presence and particle sizes of sulphides), and - to buffer acid drainage (presence of carbonates and alumosilicates). USGS: (1) mining districts likely to generate highly acidic, heavy-metal-rich acid drainage waters (2) mining districts that can generate acidic to non-acidic mine-drainage waters with elevated levels of some heavy metals (3) mining districts likely to generate non- acidic mine drainage with low levels of acid drainage

27. I. CONCLUSIONS & FOLLOW-UP - DATA INVENTIORY QUESTIONNARY (PART1) Hot Spots Slovakia Slovenia Country all countries (Hungary) BACKGROUND DATA (PART 2) Hot Spots all countries (Hungary, Romania, Slovakia) Country Bulgaria, Poland, Slovenia COUNTRY REPORTS (PART 3) all countries (Czech Republic) (Italics: countries that already provided this information)

28. II. CONCLUSIONS & FOLLOW-UP - QUESTIONNAIRE 1. Did you find the PECOMINES questionnaire form well-structured, easy-to-follow and relevant? 2. Did you find satisfactory and useful the following: - Guide to the questionnaire form - Glossary of terms - Appendices for professional support - Access Application. (Note that Art. 3 'Definitions' in the Directive in prep. is dedicated to definition of terms.) 3. What is the most important information that you would add to the questionnaire, or points that you found redundant in our questionnaire? 4. Which are the questions which you found the most difficult to answer? Why? 5. Do you consider our questionnaire form together with the attached supporting material (Guide, Glossary, Appendices and Access Database) a viable basis for EU and national mining waste inventories? 6. Please provide any comments on or suggestions for the PECOMINES inventory questionnaire based on your experience.

29. III. CONCLUSIONS & FOLLOW-UP - HAZARD & IMPACT MAPPING EXISTING DATABASES: on mining sites and mining wastes (METADATABASE) ONGOING MINING WASTE INVENTORY EFFORTS PRACTICES and EXISTING EXPERTISE: in hazard & impact mapping of mining - in your country or institute COUNTRY REPORT: publication