1. The Industrial Revolution

2. What was the Industrial Revolution? “Increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the 18 th century.” (p.253 MWH)

3. Phases of the Industrial Revolution Agricultural Revolution Cottage Industry Factories and Industrial Development with women and children working New structure of society and calls for reform Philosophers wrestle with the new societal structures

4. Impacts of Industrialization Widened the gap between industrialized and non- industrialized countries (rich and poor) Imperialism and the exploitation of colonies for raw materials Europe gained in economic power, while Asia slowed down Liberals and conservatives agree to compromise

5. Impacts of Industrialization Change in family structure Change in hygiene and sanitation Rise of corporations Feminist Movement Mass leisure culture emerged

6. Scientific Advancements Charles Darwin and Darwinism= “survival of the fittest” Darwinism further weakened the church teachings

7. Capitalism and Laissez-faire Policy Key Question: What should the role of the government be in industrialization? Laissez-faire – “economic policy of letting owners of industry and business set working conditions without interference” (p. 267) Adam Smith- Wealth of Nations in 1776 argued for laissez-faire approach

8. Rise of Socialism Socialism - “factors of production are owned by the public and operate for the welfare of all…. The government should actively plan the economy.” (ibid) Marxism – Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels - The Communist Manifesto – war between the rich and poor classes Communism –pure socialism begun by a worker revolution and where all factors of production would be owned by the people and shared equally

9. Capitalism vs. Marxism Progress results when individuals follow their own self-interest Businesses compete for consumer’s money Producers try to create goods that are better and less expensive than competitors Market economy aims to produce the best products and the lowest prices Government should not interfere with the economy All great movements in history are the result of an economic class struggle The “haves” take advantage of the “have-nots” Workers are exploited by employers The labor of workers creates profit for employers The capitalist system will eventually destroy itself. The state will wither away as a classless society develops

10. Unionization and Legislative Reform Unions- voluntary worker organizations Collective bargaining- negotiations between employers and workers After 1825 Britain forced to accept unions 1866 U.S. – creation of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), which tries to get higher pay and less hours for its workers New laws to protect women and children

11. Abolition of Slavery William Wilberforce – British MP who led the fight for abolition 1807 British passed law to end slave trade in the West Indies 1833 abolition of slavery in British empire U.S. – 1865 following Union victory in the Civil War