1. The rise of Socialism

2.  Bleak view of factory system  Only checks on population growth were “nature’s natural methods” of war, disease, and famine  Views proved WRONG!

3.  Another laissez-faire economist  Believed in the “Iron Law of Wages”  Opposed any government help for the poor  Hard work and limiting size of families

4.  Goal of society should be “greatest happiness for greatest number” of citizens  Laws should be only if they are USEFUL  Influenced John Stuart Mill, who wanted laws to protect workers

6.  The people as a whole—NOT individuals—own the means of production  Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, The Communist Manifesto 1848  Communism: Creation of a classless society

7. COMMUNISM DEMOCRATIC CAPITALISM (USA)  Class struggle   Proletariat vs. Bourgeoisie   VIOLENT REVOLUTION   Classless society (“utopia”)  Everyone is EQUAL, GUARANTEED  MUST stay put   No trade   No personal freedoms   Many social classes  Class MOBILITY  MUCH INEQUALITY   NO guarantees!   Able to have personal freedoms and choices