1. “HEAVEN ON EARTH” SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM

2. THE SOCIALIST MOVEMENT  Socialism is the idea that people can live cooperatively in modern society  Equality of wealth is goal  Capitalism is responsible for many if not all of the evils of the modern industrial world  Idea first surfaces in French Revolution

3. UTOPIAN SOCIALISTS  In early 19 th century Factories and cities were breeding horrible poverty as well as great wealth in Europe and America in Europe and America

4. ROBERT OWEN ROBERT OWEN  Successful cotton manufacturer  Founded idealistic community at New Lanark  Later founded utopian community in New Harmony, Indiana, U.S.

5. KARL MARX  Born 1818 in what is now Germany  Wrote Communist Manifesto in 1848, a year of revolutions  Worked for years on Das Capital, a critique of capitalism  Died in 1883 in London with few followers, but created what was called “scientific socialism”

6. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS  Conflict between social classes was the key to understanding all of human history  Bourgeoisie v. Proletariat = (from Hegel, German philosopher) (from Hegel, German philosopher)

7. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.  GOODS DERIVE THEIR VALUE FROM THE LABOR THAT’S PUT INTO THEM – THAT’S SURPLUS VALUE THEORY

8. MARX’S IDEAS, CONT’D.  CAPITALISM PRODUCED ALIENATION

9. MARX’S MAIN IDEAS CONT’D.  Capitalism was inevitably going to collapse and revolution would erupt  Predicts a “dictatorship of the Proletariat” would come about  Marx’s followers would be there to guide events

10. MARX’S PREDICTIONS AND PRESCRIPTIONS  “FROM EACH ACCORDING TO HIS ABILITY, TO EACH ACCORDING TO HIS NEED.”  STATE (GOVERNMENT) WOULD “WITHER AWAY”

11. FRIEDRICH ENGELS  Wealthy son of a German manufacturer  Helped popularize Marx’s writings and ideas and subsidized him  “Workers of the World, Unite. You Have Nothing to Lose But Your Chains.”

12. COMMUNIST MANIFESTO  Published in 1848, a year when revolutions erupted across Europe erupted across Europe Attacked monarchy, organized religion, the organized religion, the family family

13. SOCIALISM BECOMES A MOVEMENT  “Comrade”  The Internationale: Listen to some cool commy musac Listen to some cool commy musac Listen to some cool commy musac Listen to some cool commy musac

14. “REVISIONISM”  In 1880s, Socialists are outlawed in Germany  Edward Bernstein publishes “Evolutionary Socialism”  Revolution wasn’t going to happen  “THE GOAL IS NOTHING, THE MOVEMENT IS EVERYTHING”

15. DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM  Improve lives of workers through politics and laws  Social Democrat parties emerge in many countries and eventually become very influential in western Europe – e.g. British Labour party and esp. in Germany  Advocate “welfare state”

16. LENIN and BOLSHEVISM  Vladimir Lenin  Advocates Violent Revolution  Masses need an elite, disciplined group to start and guide it.  Publishes “Iskra” – the “Spark”

17. LENIN’S IDEAS  WORLD REVOLUTION WAS THE GOAL  BECAUSE THE GOAL WAS SO IMPORTANT, THE END JUSTIFIED THE MEANS

18. LENIN’S IMPACT  FOUNDS “BOLSHEVIKS” – COMMUNISTS WHO LATER TAKE POWER IN RUSSIA. LENIN BECOMES FIRST COMMUNIST LEADER.  COMMUNISTS REFER TO THEIR PHILOSOPHY AS MARXIST-LENINISM. MARXIST-LENINISM.