2. The National Dream Building the Canadian Pacific Railway

3. Background Railways were the steel that bound this country together and made modern Canada possible. National Dream…joining the country together from “Sea to shining sea.”

4. Important People John A Macdonald Prime Minister Had a dream of creating a nation that would rival the U.S. Worried the U.S. would assimilate Canada John`s Facebook page

5. Important People con’t William Van Horne General manager of the CPR He picked Vancouver as the western end of the line In one year, the CPR laid 500 miles of track

6. Important People con’t Sir Hugh Allan Created the Canadian Pacific Railway company in 1871 Gave $ to Macdonald’s election campaign (over $300,000)

7. Sir Allan’s house

9. Important People con’t Sanford Fleming Chief surveyor for the CPR Invented time zones Movie Clip

10. Roger’s Pass and Mount Carroll

11. Important People con`t Alexander Mackenzie Prime Minister after Macdonald Disagreed with the building of the railway

12. Mountain Creek bridge, on the C.P.R., BC, 1889

13. Chinese work gang on the C.P.R., Glacier Park, BC, 1889

14. 1872 - Pacific Scandal Prime Minister Macdonald accepted a donation of $300,000 from Hugh Allan (to help run for re- election) in exchange for giving a guaranteed railway contract. videovideo Macdonald is re-elected an Allan gets a contract to build the railroad to BC Your assignment: Does Macdonald seem apologetic (sorry)? Explain. When this becomes public, Macdonald has to resign. ….Who becomes Prime Minister?

15. What the CPR got? In return for building the railway: – the CPR would ‘own’ it. – The government gave the company 10 million hectares of land – The company sold off the land to settlers Student Question 1.Who got the better deal? The CPR for building or Canada for getting the railway? Why? - Make sure you explain your answer

16. A view of the Rockies Rocky Mountaineer traintrain

17. National Policy Macdonald developed the National Policy for the election platform of 1878. – He believed that it was a formula for nation building – The policy remained part of Canadian government policy will into the 1900’s. – Dealt with three main issues

18. National Policy 1 1.A system of protective tariffs – During the 1870’s the Canadian economy was damaged by the U.S. – American companies could produce goods more cheaply that Canadian companies & they dumped their goods on Cdn markets. – Macdonald created a series of tariffs that would protect Canadian manufacturing, mining and agriculture from the U.S.

19. National Policy 2 2.Western Settlement – Eastern politicians viewed the west as a vast potential market – Wanted to encourage settlement by farmers – Gov’t discouraged development of manufacturing in the west so that Western farmers could become a captive market for goods

20. National Policy 3 3.The CPR – This was the cornerstone of the National Policy – The West could not develop without a way to transport goods in and out of the region

21. Chinese & Working Conditions Nitro Working conditions were harsh and dangerous Avalanches Tunnels collapsed Men fell from unfinished bridges and trestles

22. Chinese & Living Conditions Living Conditions Living in overcrowded tents Filthy bunk houses No medical facilities Exposed to harsh weather conditions Illness and disease (scurvy epidemic in Port Moody killed 200 Chinese) 600 Chinese workers perished on the Fraser Canyon section of the CPR Chinese Immigration to Canada Video

23. Route through the Rockies

24. Fraser Canyon, BC

26. Kicking Horse pass

27. Kicking Horse Pass / Spiral Tunnels

28. The Last Spike November 1885 – Eagle Pass, BC (Craigellachie) The CPR built the railway in 5 years (not 10 as was promised) BC was now linked to the rest of Canada Railway made it easier for people to settle the West Movement between east-west was faster (encouraged trade within the country)