2. 5 Kingdoms

3. Kingdom Monera (“Monerans”) Smallest and simplest lifeforms Unicellular (one-celled) no nucleus Bacteria and cyanobacteria

4. Bacteria Three basic shapes: round (cocci) rod (bacilli) spiral (spirilli)

5. Kingdom Protista(“Protists”) Single-celled or multicellular more complex than organisms in Kingdom Monera nucleus protozoans (animal-like) algae (plant-like)

6. Protozoans Kingdom Protista no cell wall or chlorophyll internal digestion no locomotion (some)

7. Algae Cell walls Chlorophyll Photosynthetic Placed in groups according to color and structure

8. Kingdom Fungi Multicellular; complex Cell walls, but no chlorophyll Live in dark, cold, moist environments. Decomposers

9. Types of Fungi Threadlike fungi (bread mold) club fungi (mushrooms) sac fungi (yeast and mildew)

10. Kingdom Plantae Multicellular, cell walls, and chlorophyll Largest and longest-living things on Earth Create food through Photosynthesis

11. Nonvascular Plants CANNOT conduct water Example: Moss Moist environment

12. Vascular Plants CAN conduct water Capable of living in drier areas

13. Gymnosperms Seed plant name means “naked seed” Most are conifers

14. Angiosperms -Flowering Plants Seed plant name means “covered seed” Seeds are produced inside ovaries A ripened ovary is a fruit largest/most diverse plants

15. Kingdom – Animalia Multicellular Organisms Lack a Cell Wall Heterotrophs Divided into sub-phylums: Invertebrate Vertebrate

16. Arthropods (invertebrate) Largest group of animals multiple body segments jointed appendages (legs/arms) exoskeleton (hard outer covering)

17. Arthropods (continued) Well-developed organs insects, lobsters, crabs, and spiders

18. Have backbones body with a head and most have appendages endoskeleton (internal skeleton for support/protection)

19. Vertebrates (continued) Endotherm (warm- blooded); these organisms can control their body temperature from within despite changes in the environment

20. Vertebrates (continued) Ectotherm (cold-blooded); body temperature changes with the environment

21. Jawless fishes Ex: Sea lamprey mouth is used for sucking fluids; no appendages (fins) flexible skeleton made of cartilage ectotherms

22. Cartilaginous Fishes Two pairs of fins; gills ectotherms strong teeth (sharks) SKELETON MADE OF CARTILAGE stingrays, skates, sharks

23. Bony fishes Flounder, eels, trout, and others SKELETON MADE OF BONE streamlined bodies (narrow shape) most numerous group of fish

24. Amphibians Frogs, toads, salamanders part of their life is spent on land and part of life is spent in the water; (ectotherms)

25. Amphibians smooth, moist skin gills when they are young and have lungs as adults

26. Reptiles Adapted to live on land (terrestrial) Breathe with lungs Body covered with plates or scales Ectotherms

27. Reptiles Dinosaurs Turtles, snakes, lizards, crocodiles, and alligators lay eggs in a leathery shell

28. Birds Bodies adapted for flight (light, bones, feathers, and wings) Scaly legs and feet lay eggs in a hard shell endotherms

29. Mammals Advanced nervous system; highly developed brain Endotherms Hairy bodies can occupy several habitats give birth to live young; produce milk mammary glands