1. 1 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Edinboro University Course: Essential Computing CSCI104 Fall 2009 Lecture 5 Instructor: Stan Schuyler Contact: sschuyler@edinboro.edu voice: Ext. 1160

2. 2 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Lecture 5 - Outline Start Windows Explorer –Establish the “Views” –Find Your CS104 Folder Continuing with PC Architecture Lesson from Last Week –Review Software Architecture –Internals –Networking Components Onward into Word –Making Changes –Complete Figures 3, 4 and 5, review paste special, resizing –Quick Styles and Style Modification –Lists and numbering versus Heading levels –Do Multi-level Heading Numbering Again

3. 3 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 For those who were Absent For those being left behind because they were …!  Locate your CS104 folder Make a new Folder “Class4” (the one you were not here for!), and double click to get in it. Go the Address Bar and enter the class website –http://users.edinboro.edu/sschuylerhttp://users.edinboro.edu/sschuyler –Download to your Class3 folder: lastname_Cls4Catchup.doc and lastname_Cls4Catchup.ppt Change “lastname” to your “lastname” –Now go up one folder level to your CS104 folder Follow my Directions in class

4. 4 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Getting the Notes to Start Today In your CS104 Section Folder and File Copying –Locate your Class4 folder –Left click it ONCE to select it –Click “Copy” on the Ribbon (or CTRL + “c” keys) –Click “Paste on the Ribbon (or CTRL + “v” keys) –Produces a “Copy of Class4” folder Change the Name “Copy of Class4” –Left click it ONCE and wait a one second –Then left click it again to select the Folder name text –Change the Folder Name to “Class5” Double click the Class5 folder to open it

5. 5 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Renaming the Files in your Class4 Folder File Name change –Left click once your lastname_Cls4Notes.doc –Wait a second and left click again to highlight the name –Change the name to lastname_Cls5Notes.doc Repeat for: –lastname_Cls4Notes.ppt to lastname_Cls5Notes.ppt Open lastname_Cls5Notes.doc

6. 6 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Where we left off on PC Architecture State of lastname_Cls5Notes.ppt State of lastname_Cls5Notes.doc

7. 7 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Software Software and Applications I suggest you think of these as layers of a cake: Software (programs) run on computing platforms (Mainframe, Server, PC, or microcomputer, etc.) An Operating System (OS) is software that runs directly on computing hardware and enables Applications to use the functions of the hardware platform. An Application is software that runs on an Operating System and enables a user to accomplish a task Hardware OS App #1App #2App #k

8. 8 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Hardware Windows XP 2003 Operating System (OS) Word ExcelPowerPointIEExplorer Software Layers and Components Other OSs include: Vista, MAC OS, Unix, Linux

9. 9 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Inside the PC – The “Atomic Units” On Off All computers are based on the binary number system –“binary” means 2 values –“off” or “on”: zero or one A bit or binary digit is –the smallest unit of memory –has one of two values: 0 or 1 A byte is –the smallest addressable unit of memory –Contains 8 bits –Can hold values from 0 to 256 (or 2 8 ) –Values can be interpreted as numbers or as characters –Can be assembled to form larger units of memory

10. 10 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Inside the PC Characters are stored as numeric values called “codes” –The codes were standardized by the American Nat’l Std.s Institute (ANSI) –The standard codes were called the “American Standard Code for Information Interchange” or ASCII ASCII provides for 256 (or 2 8 ) characters (the number of values a byte can hold) –01000001 – A –01000010 – B –etc. –Includes codes for: upper vs. lower case letter, digits, punctuation, and special characters

11. 11 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Computer Memory Measured in bytes –1 Kilobyte = 2 10 characters (~1,000 bytes, actually 1024) –1 Megabyte = 2 20 characters (~1,000,000 bytes) –1 Gigabyte = 2 30 characters (~1,000,000,000 bytes) –1 Terabyte = 2 40 characters (~1,000,000,000,000 bytes) Two Types: –ROM – Read Only Memory (retains values without power) –RAM – Random Access Memory (loses values without power) –FLASH – slower RAM that retains values without power (Jump Drives) The Original PC had 16KB of RAM memory Today’s PCs Need 512 MB or 1 GB of RAM –Keep multiple programs & data files in memory –Graphic-intensive programs demand a lot of memory –Transient (erased when power turned off or fails) Consider a UPS (uninterrupted power supply)

12. 12 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Other Input Devices - The Digital Camera Image Memory is sized in terms of “Picture Elements” A Picture Element is called a “pixel” –A pixel is a dot (point of light) in an image –A pixel is the smallest unit of image that can be addressed (turned on or off) –A pixel may have 1 or more bits associated with it –Pixels with 1 bit are “black or white” –Pixels with 2 or more bits may be “gray scale” or “color” An image is stored on a photosensitive computer chip, which converts the image to a series of pixel values. –3.5 megapixels is entry-level –6 megapixels is a useful level There is no film; images are stored in memory; the more memory the more pictures –1 GB is suggested

13. 13 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Heading Styles and Simple Usage Use Heading Styles to automatically produce a TOC: “TOC” means  Table of Contents –Heading – means the sub heading level in an outline sense –Corresponds to the default indention level –Can be associated with a multi-level numbering scheme (which we do next class) Select text line to become a Chapter or Subsection Heading –Click the Heading desired in the Ribbon “Styles Box” –Use the “increase” or “decrease” indent icon in the Ribbon “Paragraph Box” to change the

14. 14 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 A Simple Automatic TOC Put the cursor where you want the TOC On the Ribbon “Reference” Tab select: Table of contents Pull down (no options) –Select design of contents –TOC appears OR Table of Contents Pull Down – with control of options –Instead of selecting design of content, go to bottom of pane –Select “Insert Table of Contents” –TOC Dialog box appears –Select “Options” button –Set TOC level for the “styles” you want to see in the TOC –“OK”, then “OK” again

15. 15 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Continuing the PC Architecture Paper Inserting Making Changes Modify Figure 2 Review diagram copying Review Paste special Size Adjusting Printing today

16. 16 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Introduction to Networks 1950’s: Computers were isolated –Data transported between them used physical media –paper tape, punched cards, magnetic tape and couriers Early 1960’s: Direct Local Networking (pre-LAN) –Engineers started connecting local computers via special cables and interfaces Mid 1960’s: Wide Area Networking (WAN) –started using leased telephone lines –special equipment to connect them across large distances. Late 1960’s: Metropolitan Area Networking (MAN) – using public telephone lines and low speed modems to connect to computers. The connection devices and lines taken together are called Networks

17. 17 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Introduction to Networks 1969: Department of Defense –Network should operate in the face of damaged links. –The Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) started the project –“ARPA net” was developed as a “Network of Networks” –Became known as the “Internet” in the late 1980’s

18. 18 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 From LAN to WAN (a) Home Network (b) Local Area Network

19. 19 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 (c) Wide Area Network

20. 20 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 The Internet and World Wide Web The Internet Network of networks Supports addressing Manages connections Transports Data in packets The World Wide Web Began in 1991 at the European Particle Physics Laboratory (CERN) in Switzerland A subset of all computers connected to the Internet which have and allow access to hypertext or hypermedia documents –Unlimited “information” –Unlimited “disinformation” These documents contain references (links) to other documents which may be on a different computer anywhere in the world

21. 21 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 A message travels the Internet All that matters is the beginning and ending address

22. 22 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Review Heading Styles and Usage To automatically produce a numbered TOC: –Multi-level Heading numbering Setting a Multi-level Numbering System for Heading Styles –Select the very first text line that is a “Heading 1” style –On the Ribbon “Paragraph Box” locate the “Multi-level List” pull down icon –Select the numbering style that looks like the left figure: 1  this,NOT  1. 1.1 1.1.1 … 1.1.1.1.1.1

23. 23 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Generating the Automatic TOC Put the cursor where you want the TOC On the Ribbon “Reference” Tab select: Table of Contents Pull Down – with control of options –Instead of selecting design of content, go to bottom of pane –Select “Insert Table of Contents” –TOC Dialog box appears –Select “Options” button –Set TOC level for the “styles” you want to see in the TOC –“OK”, then “OK” again

24. 24 S. T. Schuyler CSCI104 – Fall 2009 Next NEXT ASSIGNMENT: –Look it up in your Syllabus-Schedule