1. Nguyen Hoang Trung Nguyen Le Quyen

2. BRIEF CONTENT A. INTRO B.CHEMISTRY OF CARBON C.TYPE OF CARBON D.CARBON’S BONDING PATTERN E.ISOMERS F.CHEMICAL BONDING THEORY G.STRUTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUND H.PROPERTY OF ORGANIC COMPOUND I.SOLUBILITY,STABILITY,ACID-BASE

3. A.INTRO -Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen. -It is present in all known lifeforms( the human body carbon is the second most abundant element by mass about 18.5% after oxygen. - this element the chemical basis of all known life. B.CHEMISTRY OF CARBON -Group 14 -Atomic number:6 -Valence electron (electron in outer shell):4 -can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N, or another C). - graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon

4. C.TYPE OF CARBON -Three main forms of Pure Carbon Diamond Rigid, compact, strong and hardest – Graphite Soft and slippery – Fullerenes Large hollow spheres/cages of carbon (like a soccer ball) Question: Why do we have the various properties of forms of carbon in different allotropes? ex: graphite and diamond have the opposite characteristic

5. D.CARBON’S BONDING PATTERN *Have different way to make up the bond -Carbon-to-carbon bonds can be single (A), double (B), or triple (C).

6. -Carbon-to-carbon chains can be (A) straight, (B) branched, or (C) in a closed ring.

7. -With oxygen: The double bonds between Carbon and oxygen -With hydrogen: The single bonds between Carbon and hydrogen

8. E.ISOMERS a. Definition: Isomers are different molecules with the same molecular formula -they have different chemical and physical properties b. Some example :isomers of carbon

9. F.CHEMICAL BONDING THEORY -The theory show the way OF making the bonding 1.Octet Rule -For most atoms of interest this means achieving a valence shell configuration of 8 electrons corresponding to that of the nearest noble gas 2. Electronegativity - the ability of an atom to attract electrons

10. 3. Ionic Bonds -When ionic bonds are formed atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas 4. Covalent Bonds -occur between atoms of similar electronegativity - Atoms achieve octets by sharing of valence electrons

11. G.STRUTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUND 1.With hydrogen -Hydrocarbon: organic compound containing ONLY C and H *Saturated hydrocarbon: are single covalent bonds -Also called alkanes, including straight chains, branched chains and rings *Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: contains one or more double or triple bonds -Including Alkenes, Ankynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons

12. 2. With oxygen -alcohol, glucose, -Esters: -Ethers -Ketones - Aldehyde formate

13. -Some times : some organic compound between carbon and nitrogen, chloride, sulfur ex: CH3NH2, CH3Cl, amino acid H.PROPERTY OF ORGANIC COMPOUND a. Definition -An organic compound -Inorganic compounds : they are not—organic compounds b. Compare between 2 kinds of compound

14. Organic compoundInorganic compound Produced by living things Produced by non-living natural process (or by human intervention in lab) More diversityLess diversity Contain carbon backbone Not contain carbon backbone contain carbon- hydrogen bonds Not contain carbon- hydrogen bonds Not contain metal atoms contain metal atoms

15. Most important -diversity of organic compound Ex: difference in arrangement between molecules will get a new compound -C2H6O: 2 compounds a.C2H5OH:We have alcohol b.H3C-O-CH3: Ether -Whereas, inorganic compound not have this property Ex: HCL or H2SO4

16. I.SOLUBILITY,STABILITY.ACID-BASE -Most organic molecules are usually soluble in organic solvents (e.g. diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexanes etc -some organic molecules are also soluble in water. -group in a water-soluble compound : Question: Why Do Some Solids Dissolve in Water?

17. -Compounds (insoluble in water) :dissolve in aqueous acid or base if they form an ionic species. Ex: The solubility of carboxylic acids and phenols in aqueous hydroxide -