1. How Valid Are The Results? Science cannot always yield “absolute truth” to the theories or laws provided. But they can: 1)Disprove ideas, theories, or laws 2)Establish that ideas, theories, or laws have a high validity or probability of being true Consensus ScienceFrontier Science Consist of theories and laws that are widely accepted in the scientific community “Breakthroughs” – a tentative hypothesis and controversial data & models

2. A system is a set of components that function and interact in some regular and theoretically understandable manner. SYSTEMS: Key components flows (throughputs) inputs & outputs Feedback loops are when outputs of energy fed back into a system cause the system to do more of what it was doing (positive) or less (negative) Homeostasis! Accelerates Change

3. As the baby (stimulus) moves toward the birth canal, pressure receptors within the cervix send messages to the brain to produce oxytocin. Oxytocin stimulates the muscles in the uterine wall to contract stronger.The contractions intensify and increase until the stimulus to the pressure receptors ends. EXAMPLE = POSITIVE FEEDBACK LOOP

4. 1 + 1 = 5??? Synergy = when processes & feedbacks in a system interact to amplify the results Time Delays: very complex systems can show dramatic time delays between the input of a stimulus and the response. Time delays can cause a problem to build up slowly until the system reaches a threshold level and there is a fundamental breakdown in the system.

5. Outer electrons are known as valence electrons. Valence electrons are available in bonding with other atoms.

6. ATOMS REVIEW - You are responsible for knowing all structure & function of atoms!!

7. Many of the things you are familiar with are carbon compound (sugar, plastics, vitamins, most compounds in your body) Almost all of them (except CH 4 ) have between 2 - 1,000’s of carbons attached by covalent bonded to each other and one or more of the following atoms: hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, chlorine, and fluorine. Synthetic or Natural Hydrocarbons: methane, propane, butane Hydrocarbons: methane ( CH 4 ), propane (C 3 H 8 ), butane (C 3 H 10 ) Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: DDT, many insecticides, PCB’s, solvents such as chloroform Carbohydrates: Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen covalently bonded (sugars) Cellulose, Glucose, Starches Chlorofluorocarbons – CFC’s ; Freon Chlorofluorocarbons – CFC’s ; Freon (CCl 2 F)

8. MONOMERSPOLYMERS make AMINO ACIDS NUCLEOTIDESPROTEINS NUCLEIC ACIDS SO…What inorganic compounds are important in the ecosystem? WATER!! Carbon Monoxide (CO) NaCl, Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O)Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Nitric Oxide (NO) Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitric Oxide (NO) Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Ammonia (NH 3 ) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Ammonia (NH 3 )