1. PAST PARTICIPLE Done: I have done my homework. Been: I have been to the White House. Eaten: I have eaten my salad. Gone: I have gone to the fair. Seen: I have seen that movie several times. Studied: I have studied for my oral exams tomorrow. Worked: I have worked hard the past 10 years. Drunk: I have drunk too many martinis. Taken: I have taken my medicine for today. Spoken: I have spoken hurtful words.

2. PAST PARTICIPLE (terminações -ado e -ido) exemplos: O arroz está cozido. A carta já foi enviada. Ela tem estudado todos os dias. Eu já tinha entregado o meu trabalho quando descobri o erro. Eu já houvera pagado quando me exigiram novo pagamento. O bilhete estava pago quando me exigiram novo pagamento.

3. PAST PARTICIPLE Finished: I have finished working on my thesis. Lived: I have lived here for 20 years. Known: I have known him for quite some time. Met: I have met his mother. Kept: I have kept your secret for so long. Learned: I have learned about his plans last night. Said: I have said too much about myself. Told: I have told my mother about my wedding plans. Had: I have had too much wine. Left: I have left a note for him.

4. Usamos o Particípio Passado com o PRESENT PERFECT TENSE I have...(ed)...for... I have lived there for 10 years. I have...(ed)...since... I have lived here since I was 7. I have always...(ed) I have always lived here. He has... He has lived here for as long as he can remember.

5. Estas palavras indicam que você deve usar o Present Perfect Tense. São chamadas de SIGNAL WORDS Already: I have already eaten. Since: I have lived here since 1970. For: I have lived here for 20 years. Yet: I have not eaten yet. Just: I have just eaten. Recently: I have recently moved to another state. Lately: I have been feeling bad lately. Never: I have never gone camping. Ever: Nothing like this has ever happened to me.

6. Usamos o Past Participle com a Voz Passiva - PASSIVE VOICE Is: She is summoned by the teacher. Was: They were invited by the Queen. Are: We are greeted by the guests. Were: They were rescued by the police. Will be: She will be contacted by her manager.

7. Cuidado com o uso diferente dessas construções - COMPARE I live in... I live in New York. I have lived in...for/since I have lived in New York for 5 years. I have lived in New York since I was 20. I always see... I always see my grandma ill. I have always seen... I have always seen my grandma ill.

8. Advantages & Disadvantages Better than Today’s test results are better than last week’s. Worse than Yesterday’s weather was worse than today’s. As...as... These fruits are as expensive as the imported ones. Not as...as... My teacher is not as strict as my tutor.

9. CONJUNCTIONS And: I think I’ll have tea and scones. But: I saw him but didn’t recognize him. Yet: They’re cheap yet delicious. So: I got sick so I missed the game. Or: You can take the train or the bus. After: Come to my house after the party. After that: Go to the gym; after that, drink lots of juice. Although: She paints so well although she is only 12.

10. CONJUNCTIONS Before: I trusted her before she betrayed me. Because: I want to attend the reunion because it would be fun. (and) then: He married her and then divorced her after a few years. If: I’ll give you pie if you eat your vegetables.

11. CONDITIONALS If + present + I will If I have money, I will go to Rome. If + past + I would If I knew the answer, I would join the contest.

12. PREPOSITIONS On The laptop computer is on the desk. In My watch is in the drawer. At My dog is at the veterinary clinic. For The gift is for you. To Please take this bag to the cleaners.

13. REVISE It takes (me, him, etc.) It takes her ages to get dressed. It took (me, him, etc.) It took me months to realize I needed a vacation. It’ll take (me, him, etc.) It’ll take him weeks to finish the project. I’m going to... I’m going to see him for dinner. I was going to... I was going to see him for dinner. I wonder... I wonder if they ever fight? I was wondering... I was wondering if you wanted some cake?

14. PRONUNCIATION a –e –i –o –u ch –t –d –v –f –t –h

15. Teach this Some Any Nobody One Where Thing

16. Complex Questions Have you ever...? Have you everseen a solar eclipse? Has he ever...? Has he ever taken you out on a date? Does it take...? Does it take you a long time to get dressed for a date? Are you supposed to...? Are you supposed to ask a man out? Are you able to...? Are you able to study and work at the same time?

17. Direct/Indirect Speech Says/said She says she isn’t ready for a relationship. Tells/told She tells me she isn’t ready for a relationshp. Adds/added She adds that I hardly know her. Asks/asked She asks me if I can wait. Answer/answered I answer her that I can.

18. CONTRACTIONS I amI’m I haveI’ve I willI’ll I wouldI’d You areYou’re You haveYou’ve You willYou’ll You wouldYou’d He isHe’s He willHe’ll

19. ... He wouldHe’d Are notAren’t Can notCan’t Could notCouldn’t Did notDidn’t Does notDoesn’t Will notWon’t...can you think of other examples? CONTRACTIONS