1. Middle East Physical Geography

2. The Middle East
Many people refer to this region as the Middle East because of its location.
For centuries empires and kingdoms have fought for control of these lands.
One reason is the location-whoever held control of the region influenced trade.
Trade Routes
SS7H4 Development of the 3 major religions

3. Location
SW Asia is referred to as the crossroads of continents because it is located between 3 major continents: Europe, Africa, Asia

4. Deserts
SW Asia is mostly covered by deserts.

5. Deserts Negev Desert Sinai Desert Libyan Desert Arabian Desert
Rub al-Khali
Sahara Desert

6. Importance of Deserts
Deserts serve as a natural barrier against invasion.
Deserts have also led to a way of life developed around surviving the harsh conditions.
People (Bedouins – desert nomads) have managed to live in the desert in tent camps and survive as sheep and camel herders.
They trade animals and handmade goods with those who live in towns on the desert’s edge.

7. Desert Bedouins

8. Climates in the Middle East
A large majority of the Middle East is arid and semi arid.
Mountain ranges block moisture coming from the oceans and seas nearby; most of the interior is desert ( it can reach 140° F in the desert!).

9. Climates Defined
Arid is word that means dry. An arid climate is one that is hot and dry all year with very little rain.
A semiarid climate has hot, dry summers and cool, dry winters.

10. How Climate Affects Agriculture
Huge portions of the Middle East cannot be farmed without water.
Some countries such as Israel uses desalination plants which remove the salt from water.
SS7G7 How water and the distribution of water affects agriculture, how people earn a living and why.

11. Farming is Difficult
Many people in the ME practice subsistence agriculture: growing small amounts of crops to take care of local needs.
Because the climate is hot and dry, farmers must irrigate their fields.
There is some commercial agriculture: growing crops for industrial markets, but it is limited by lack of water.

12. Water creates conflict in the Middle East!
Got Water?
Water creates conflict in the Middle East!

13. Rivers in the Middle East
3 major river systems are located in the Middle East
Euphrates River
runs through Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Kuwait
Tigris River
runs through Turkey, Iraq, and Kuwait
Jordan River
part of the border of Syria, Jordan, the West Bank, and Israel

14. The Tigris & Euphrates River System
Mesopotamia: ”Land Between the Two Rivers”

15. The Jordan River System:
Israel & Jordan--A Fight Over Water Rights?

16. Importance of Tigris, Euphrates, and Jordan Rivers
Water for drinking
Water for irrigation
Water for transportation and trade
Boundaries between nations
Major cities are located on or near these rivers – centers of industry (jobs)

17. Water Creates Conflict
Water is a critical resource as a source of life and a route for trade.
The Tigris and Euphrates Rivers have been a source of many political conflicts because they are shared by more than one country.
Several countries have built dams across their portions of the rivers to
create lakes for irrigation
and to generate
hydroelectric power.
Each dam cuts down on
water available to countries
downstream.