1. Biochemistry of blood. Respiratory function of erythrocytes.1

2. Functions of blood Transport: transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
transport of nutrients and products of metabolism
2. Osmotic.
3. Regulatory (formation of hormonoids).
4. Protective.
5. Detoxification.
6. Thermoregulatory. 2

3. Cells of blood 3

4. Blood cells Neutrophils Function – protection against infections
60-70% of all leucocytes
Main source of energy – glucose in glycolysis (small amount of mitochondria)
Hundreds of granules (contain hydrolyses, peroxidases, phosphatases, lysocim....) 4

5. Phagocytosis
Oxygen burst – marked consumption of oxygen in phagocytosis
Active radicals are formed (kill bacteria)
NАDPН-оxidase
NADН-оxidase
mieloperoxidase 5

6. Basophils Function – allergic reactions, blood clotting
1-5 % of all leucocytes
Produce a lot of histamine, serotonin, heparin
Energy mainly from oxidative phosphorylation 6

7. Eosinophils
Function – protection from microorganisms, allergic reactions
3-6 % of all leucocytes
Amount is increased in helmintosis, organism sensibilization, alergy 7

8. Monocytes
Function – phagocytosis, exit into tissues – tissue macrophages
4-8 % of all leucocytes
Are accumulated in the place of inflammation
A lot of lysosomal hydrolases
Aerobic pathway of energy obtaining prevails 8

9. Lymphocytes Function – formation of humoral and cell immunity
20-25 % of all leucocytes.
Intensive synthesis of protein - immunoglobulins
Т- і В-limphocytes
Energy mainly from glycolysis 9

10. Thrombocytes Function – formation of blood clot
<1 % of all leucocytes
2 types of granules:
dense (АТP, serotonin, catecholamines);
аlpha-granules - lysosomes
Synthesize actin, myosin, troponin
Synthesize prostaglandins and thromboxans
Main reactions: adhesion, aggregation, secretion 10

11. Erythrocytes Function – transport of gases
Do not contain nucleus and mitochondria
Main protein – hemoglobin (35 %)
Energy – from glycolisis
Life span – 120 days
Formation is stimulated by erythropoetin 11

14. Respiratory function of erythrocytes
Generally speaking, hemoglobin can be saturated with oxygen molecules (oxyhemoglobin), or desaturated with oxygen molecules (deoxyhemoglobin).
Oxyhemoglobin is formed during respiration when oxygen binds to the heme component of the protein hemoglobin in red blood cells. This process occurs in the pulmonary capillaries adjacent to the alveoli of the lungs. The oxygen then travels through the blood stream to be dropped off at cells where it is utilized in aerobic glycolysis and in the production of ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. It does not, however, help to counteract a decrease in blood pH. Ventilation, or breathing, may reverse this condition by removal of carbon dioxide, thus causing a shift up in pH.