1. Chapter 2, Section 2 Standards Objective 1
4a.Students know the relative amount of incoming solar energy compared with Earth’s internal energy and the energy used by society.
7a.Students know the carbon cycle and the nitrogen cycle.
7b.Students know the global carbon cycle.
7c. Students know the movement of matter among reservoirs is driven by Earth’s internal and external sources of energy.
Objective 1
Compare an open system to a closed system.
Objective 2
List the characteristics of Earth’s 4 major spheres.
Objective 3
Identify the 2 main sources of energy in the Earth system.
Objective 4
Identify the 4 processes in which matter and energy cycle on Earth.
Assessment
Bellwork, Science Starters, Chapter Test
Review
Daily Bellwork, Science Starters, Standards Practice

2. Key Terms
Create a flash card for the following key terms (p. 31 in textbook):
System
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere
If you finish early, study your flash cards!

3. The Earth System
A SYSTEM is an organized group of related objects that interact.
Systems can be very small or very large.
Energy and Matter can move into and out of systems.
There are 2 types of systems: CLOSED and OPEN.

4. Closed vs. Open Systems Closed Open Energy can move in and out.
Matter cannot move in and out.
Ex: a Jar with a closed lid, a closed car.
Closed
Matter can move in and out.
Ex.: An open jar, a lake, water boiling in a pot.
Open

6. Closed or Open?? Open can of soda________
Crockpot with lid on _________
Aquarium _______
Helium balloon that is tied_______
Ocean ______
Human Body______
The Earth ________
Mentos demo with cap off and then with balloon.

7. Interactive! You will design a bookmark!
One side will be illustrated and labeled to show a CLOSED system.
One side will be illustrated and labeled to show and OPEN system.
When complete, tape into your notebook. (only tape the top edge, so I can flip it up and see both sides).

8. Earth’s 4 Spheres
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Geosphere
Biosphere

9. Atmosphere A mixture of gases that surrounds a planet.
The Earth’s atmosphere provides the air we breathe and protects us from harmful radiation.
78% Nitrogen, 21% Oxygen, 1% other gases.

10. Hydrosphere The portion of the Earth that is water.
71% of the Earth’s surface is water.
97% of the water is salt water.
3% is freshwater lakes, rivers, glaciers, underground.

11. Geosphere The mostly solid, rocky part of the Earth.
From the center core to the surface of the crust.

12. Biosphere The part of the Earth where life exists
Includes all living organisms on Earth

13. Can you identify the 4 spheres?

14. Quick Check!!
Name 2 of Earth’s 4 spheres: __________________________________________________________________________
Which sphere is solid and rocky? _____________________________________
The _________ is composed of 78% ________.

15. Interactive! Complete this graphic organizer: Biosphere Atmosphere
Geosphere
Hydrosphere
Fill in 1 fact per box.

16. Snowball Toss!
Students write one of the 4 spheres on a sheet of paper, crumple it, toss it. When opened, the receiving student must write one fact about the system under the title. Re-crumple and toss again, repeat.

17. Earth’s Energy
Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources.
Internal Energy:
The Earth was originally heated from radioactive decay and gravitational contraction.
Convection currents are also a sources of internal energy. This drives plate motion.
Geysers are another example of Internal Energy
Underground reservoirs of steam and hot water= geothermal energy.

18. Earth’s Energy
Earth gets its Energy from internal and external sources.
External Energy:
Most important source of Energy= SUN. Sun provides more energy (internal or external) than all other sources of energy.
Solar Energy is free and drives the water cycle, weather patterns, and more.

19. Earth’s Energy
Brainpop or video clip

20. Earth’s Energy Internal Energy Sources External Energy Sources
Have students come up to whiteboard

21. Cycles in the Earth’s System
Nitrogen Cycle
Carbon Cycle
Phosphorus Cycle
Water Cycle

22. Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen is an important element on Earth because organisms use it to build proteins which are used to build cells.
Although our atmosphere is made of mostly nitrogen, it is unusable by organisms in this form. It must first be “fixed”.
Certain kinds of bacteria in the soil and plant roots ‘fix’ the Nitrogen.

23. Brain Pop Nitrogen Cycle
Write 2 facts about the cartoon in your notes

24. Nitrogen to plants and animals
Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen in the air
Nitrogen in the soil
Nitrogen to plants and animals
Nitrogen is released as a gas by the decomposition of proteins in the soil.
Precipitation
Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted to ammonia by bacteria called ‘Nitrogen Fixation’

26. Nitrogen Cycle Video
Write 3 facts about the nitrogen cycle in your notes
From Youtube, animated, 3:56

27. Nitrogen Cycle Passport
Windows to the universe

28. Assessment: Nitrogen Cycle
Using the diagram on page 36 in your text as a guide, draw and label the Nitrogen Cycle. You must be able to explain the cycle verbally as well.

29. Carbon Cycle
Carbon moves through all 4 of Earth’s spheres in a process called the Carbon Cycle.
There are short term cycles and Long-term carbon cycles.
In the atmosphere Carbon is found as CO2.
Carbon in Ocean Reservoirs is mainly dissolved Carbon dioxide and bicarbonate.

30. Short-term Carbon Cycle
Plants convert Carbon Dioxide into carbs
Organisms eat the plants
Organisms’ bodies break down the carbs and release some of the carbon back into the air as CO2.
Organisms also release carbon through waste and decay of their remains.
Carbon is stored for different lengths of time at each step, also called RESERVOIRS.

31. Interactive!
Quickwrite: Describe the Carbon Cycle in your own words.

32. Carbon Cycle Brain Pop

33. Carbon is released into the atmosphere through: Respiration, Decay of animals/plants, and combustion

34. Most of Earth’s Carbon is found in the LITHOSPHERE.

35. Carbon Cycle Video Clip
D.S. approx. 11 min long
Pass out Fill-in sheet during video

36. Carbon Cycle Game

37. Carbon Cycle Assessment
Using the diagram in your text on page 37, draw and label the Carbon Cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

38. Phosphorous Cycle
Phosphorous, also used in building cells, travels through all the spheres of Earth’s systems except for the atmosphere.

39. Phosphorous Cycle
Phosphorous enters the soil and water when rocks break down
Some organisms excrete phosphorous in waste.
Plants absorb the phosphorous
Animals eat the plants
Phosphorous returns to soil when animal dies and decays

40. Water Cycle Water falls to the Earth as precipitation
Precipitation fills lakes, rivers, oceans, and is absorbed/consumed by plants and animals
Water evaporates from the Earth’s surface and goes back to the atmosphere
Water vapor cools and condenses back to precipitation

43. Brain Pop Water Cycle
Note: On Discovery Streaming…Water, Carbon, and Nitrogen Videos in the “Cycle Series” all min long. Use as a refresher?
Carbon Cycle is a focus in the standards…

44. Quick Check!
Name 2 of the cycles: __________________________________________________________________________
Conversion of Nitrogen gas to ammonia by bacteria is called _____________________.
The __________ is where most of the Carbon on earth is found.
The _______ is the primary external source of energy and drives all the cycles.

45. The Water Cycle, Video Clip

46. Water Cycle Skits

47. Assessment: the Water Cycle
Using the diagram in your text book, draw and label the water cycle. You must be able to verbally explain it as well.

48. Testing the Conservation of Mass
From Text Book